This article proposes an automatic generation method of a relation matrix for Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). In ISM, keywords related to the problem are selected. Then the relation between two arbitrary keyword pairs is examined. When there is a relation between these two keywords, a non-zero value such as 1 is assigned to this relation. After examining the relations of all pairs of k...

Little research effort has been put forward to understand the advances in Information Technology (IT) as a social phenomenon, influenced by organizational changes. Consequently, a clear answer has not yet been found about which organizational and information system variables relate with each other and most importantly why that relationship occurs. This research is an attempt to fill in the blan...

hpv vaccine has been recently added to the iran drug list, so decision makers need information beyond that available from rcts to recommend funding for this vaccination. modeling and economic studies have addressed some of those information needs. we reviewed cost effectiveness studies to find a suitable model for iranian population to determine the potential cost effectiveness of hpv vaccine p...

This paper explores the effect of exclusionary ”ethical investing” on corporate behavior in a risk averse, equilibrium setting. While arguments exist that ethical investing can inßuence a Þrm’s cost of capital, and so affect investment, no equilibrium model has been presented to do so. We show that exclusionary ethical investing leads to ”polluting” Þrms being held by fewer investors since ”gre...

We consider a simple model of energy saving investments under uncertainty of energy costs. Adjustment delays in replacing energy-intensive capital follow from two natural elements: uncertainty and heterogeneity of the existing capital structure. They imply a simple dichotomy where short-run output contracts, but the long-run output recovers and increases above the initial output, despite the in...

In the transition to a market economy we examine the relationship between inherited human capital structures and the evolution of unemployment within a two-sector model of endogenous restructuring. We find evidence across Polish regions for the predictions of our theory. The inherited dominance of ineffective human capital in eastern regions of Poland has delayed restructuring, reduced unemploy...

In this paper, we consider the social value of signaling by recasting the Spence’s (1973) signaling model in a causal relationship: human capital investment is necessary to reduce the marginal cost of signaling. Our model contains distinct features: (i) the choice of signaling affects the level of human capital investment and (ii) the proportion of high and low type in the entire workers is end...

In empirical tests guided by recent theory (e.g., Hughes, Liu and Liu 2007; and Lambert, Leuz and Verrecchia 2012), we examine the joint effects of information asymmetry and information precision on the cost of capital and how these effects vary based on the amount and quality of available information and the level of market competition. Consistent with theory, we find that average information ...