Bat algorithm is a population metaheuristic proposed in 2010 which is based on the echolocation or bio-sonar characteristics of microbats. Since its first implementation, the bat algorithm has been used in a wide range of fields. In this paper, we present a discrete version of the bat algorithm to solve the well-known symmetric and asymmetric traveling salesman problems. In addition, we propose...

This paper presents a computational intelligence approach for coping with bullwhip effect in supply chains (SCs). An imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is employed to decrease the bullwhip effect and cost (inventory, ordering and production) in the MIT beer distribution game. The ICA is used to determine the optimal ordering policy for members of the SC. The results shows the ability of th...

With the daily expansion of global energy consumption, developing power grids is uttermost importance. However, building a new transmission line costly and time-consuming, so utilizing same lines with possible higher capacity very cost-effective. In this regard, to increase lines, flexible alternating current system (FACTS) has been widely used in recent years by industrialized countries. One e...

In this paper, for topology optimization of double layer grids, an efficient optimization method is presented by combination of Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) which is called ICA-GSA method. The present hybrid method is based on ICA but the moving of countries toward their relevant imperialist is done using the la...