Some arguments include imperative clauses. For example: ‘Buy me a drink; you can’t buy that drink unless go to the bar; so, bar!’ How should we build logic predicts which of these are good? Because imperatives aren’t truth apt and so don’t stand in relations preservation, this technical question gives rise foundational one: What would be subject matter logic? I argue declaratives used produce b...

This paper introduces an imperative process algebra based on ACP (Algebra of Communicating Processes). Like other algebras, this deals with processes the kind that arises from execution programs. It distinguishes itself already existing algebras among things by supporting abstraction actions are considered not to be visible. The support opens interesting application possibilities algebra. goes ...

This white paper examines several dimensions of Information Integrity. It then explains why it is imperative that we mobilize interest, support, and appropriate resources to create and implement a new universal framework for achieving Information Integrity.

1 Abstract. We develop an imperative calculus of objects. Its main type constructor is the one for object types, which incorporate variance annotations and Self types. A subtyping relation between object types supports object subsumption. The type system for objects relies on unusual but beneficial assumptions about the possible subtypes of an object type. With the addition of polymorphism, the...

It is argued that a programming style based on higher order techniques the use of procedures that have other procedures as arguments and or results can be most e ectively employed if it is driven by abstraction from real algorithms rather than attempting to work with a xed set of functional forms and the use of imperative forms and mutative procedures is permitted even encour aged rather than r...

In this paper we argue for the importance of lazy state, that is, sequences of imperative (destructive) actions in which the actions are delayed until their results are required. This enables state-based computations to take advantage of the control power of lazy evaluation. We provide some examples of its use, and describe an implementation within Glasgow Haskell.

This paper describes a simple extension of the Hindley-Milner polymorphic type discipline to call-by-value languages that incorporate imperative features like references, exceptions, and continuations. This extension sacrifices the ability to type every purely functional expression that is typable in the Hindley-Milner system. In return, it assigns the same type to functional and imperative imp...

An obfuscation aims to transform a program, without affecting the functionality, so that some secret information within the program can be hidden for as long as possible from an adversary. Proving that an obfuscating transform is correct (i.e. it preserves functionality) is considered to be a challenging task. In this paper we show how data refinement can be used to specify imperative data obfu...

In recent work, Swarup, Reddy, and Ireland deened a formal system called Imperative Lambda Calculus to provide clean integration of functional and imperative programming styles. In this paper, we study the issues of array manipulation in this framework. It is shown that the unique features of the calculus allow one to express array algorithms using high-level abstractions that are not available...

Steven Brill’s “Bitter Pill” Time cover story (1) shed disturbing light on the lack of price and quality transparency in U.S. health care. He reveals that many stakeholders in the health care system profit from concealed price and quality information, including poor-performing and highpriced insurers, providers, and suppliers (1). All of us are harmed through higher premiums and less-effective ...