from 60 decade  sustainability issues  and sustainable developing  have opened a way in scientific meetings associated with  environment and urbanization and architecture. sustainability goals are improving of environment situation , less pollution  and at least interference on  land and interaction of  natural and artificial environment , that most of these cases attracted attention in archite...

introduction the distribution and dispersion of parks and green spaces is of paramount importance in urban and rural areas. as an indicator in development of nations, green space has environmental, social, cultural, economic and physical dimensions. to be able to perform its roles and functions successfully, green space needs to be properly positioned. this requires spatial suitability analysis...

the criteria and standards of green space development should be specified before any planning for green space development. the cities' conditions not only rule the creation of vast and more importantly planned and organized green spaces but also demand vast green space in order to establish ecological balance against made environments. this research tries to study green space per capita in...

urban growth and associated landscape transformation has been a major driver of local, regionaland global environmental change. the conversion of urban greenery to impervious landscapes has been identifiedas a key factor influencing the distinctive urban heat and associated consequences. due to the often highdemand for space in urban areas, creation and preservation of urban greenery as heat si...

This paper attempts to evaluate the positive effects of vegetation with a multi-scale approach: an urban and a building scale. Monitoring the urban heat island in four areas of New York City, we have found an average of 2 °C difference of temperatures between the most and the least vegetated areas, ascribable to the substitution of vegetation with man-made building materials. At micro-scale, we...

urban expansion model (uem) was adapted to simulate urbanization which implements geospatial information systems (gis), artificial neural networks (anns) and remote sensing (rs). two satellite imageries with specific time interval, socio-economic and environmental variables have been employed in order to simulate urban expansion. socio-economic and environmental variables were used as inputs wh...

the study of design and formation of urban space focuses on interaction of human and environment. this is an attractive subject that considers as interdisciplinary debates. thinkers of urban studies pay attention to this matter empirically and theoretically in order to provide a desirable space for human being. this research is based on the theories of urban studies and urban sociology and so o...