Urocanic acid, a molecule found at high concentration in the stratum corneum, acts as a photoreceptor for UV-light, isomerizing from the naturally occurring trans-form to the cis-form. It has been proposed that cis-urocanic acid may mediate the transient alteration in immune surveillance resulting in immunosuppression induced after UV-irradiation, by interacting with immune cells locally and/or...

Islet transplantation can temporarily cure type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) but requires simultaneous immunosuppression to avoid allograft rejection. In this issue of the JCI, Monti et al. report that immune conditioning via use of the Edmonton protocol - a treatment approach in which T1DM patients infused with pancreatic islets from multiple cadaveric donors simultaneously receive immunosuppres...

Impairment of any of the major components of the immune system (T-cells, B-cells phagocytes, complement) may result in clinical immunodeficiency. Immune defects can arise from intrinsic or heritable defects of lymphoid elements, failure of normal cellular differentiation, viral infection or other acquired causes. Clinical impairment of immunity is expressed as a marked susceptibility to opportu...

Graphical Abstract Schematic diagram of tumor-derived exosomes induced organotropism and immunosuppression.

organ transplantation is a widely undertaken procedure and has become an important alternative for the treatment of different end-stage organ diseases that previously had a poor prognosis. the field of organ transplant and hematopoietic stem cell transplant is developing rapidly. the increase in the number of transplant recipients also has an impact on oral and dental services. most of the oral...

BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis acute exacerbation (IPF-AE) constitutes IPF's most devastating event, representing the unexpected superimposition of diffuse alveolar damage of unknown etiology. Guidelines recommend high-dose steroids treatment despite unproven benefit. We hypothesized that previous immunosuppression and the administration of high-dose steroids adversely affect IPF-AE o...

We have proposed that the mechanisms of alloengraftment and variable acquired tolerance can be facilitated by minimum posttransplant immunosuppression. It was further suggested that the efficacy of minimalistic treatment could be enhanced by preoperative recipient conditioning with an antilymphoid antibody preparation. A total of 76 adults (38 hepatitis C virus [HCY]-, 38 HCY+) were infused wit...

Purpose: The source of glioblastoma (GBM)-associated immunosuppression remainsmultifactorial.We sought to clarify and therapeutically targetmyeloid cell–derived peripheral immunosuppression in patients