Globally, rotaviral vaccines in use today have contributed to the reduction of the incidence of rotaviral diarrhoeas. Despite the substantial protection conferred by the current vaccines against the rotaviral strains, it is only prudent to recognise that other protective factors, like breastfeeding, also provide some degree of protection against this disease. This article has attempted to revie...

Cell transplantation is one of the most promising strategies for repair of human spinal cord injuries. Animal studies from a number of laboratories have shown that transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells cultured from biopsies of the olfactory bulb mediate axonal regeneration and remyelination and restore lost functions in spinal cord injuries. For translation from small laboratory exper...

Antiinfluenza type 2 (T2) immunity contributes to both immunopathology and immunoprotection, yet the underlying mechanisms modulating T2 immunity remain ill defined. We describe a novel mouse antigen (Ag)-presenting cell (APC), designated late-activator APC (LAPC). After pulmonary influenza A (H1N1) virus infection, LAPCs enter the lungs, capture viral Ag, and subsequently migrate to the draini...

In contrast to infectious (live) vaccines are those based on subunit Ag that are notoriously poor in eliciting protective CD8 T cell responses, presumably because subunit Ags become insufficiently cross-presented by dendritic cells (DCs) and because the latter need to be activated to acquire competence for cross-priming. In this study, we show that CpG-Ag complexes overcome these limitations. O...

Immunoprotection of islets using bioisolator systems permits introduction of allogeneic cells to diabetic patients without the need for immunosuppression. Using TheraCyte immunoisolation devices, we investigated two rat models of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), BB rats and rats made diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. We chose to implant islets after the onset of diabetes to mimic the ...

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) results from mutations that inactivate cysteine protease cathepsin C (CTSC), which processes a variety of serine proteases considered essential for antimicrobial defense. Despite serine protease-deficient immune cell populations, PLS patients do not exhibit marked immunodeficiency. Here, we characterized a 24-year-old woman who had suffered from severe juvenile p...

Microparticles (MPs) were long dismissed as “platelet-dust”, cell debris, with no functional significance. Theyare anucleated vesicles (0.1μm to 1μm), enclosed in a membrane, secretedinto the circulation by cells during cell activation or apoptosis. They have now emerged as mediators and markers of inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders. They are distinctly different from exosomes and a...

Background: Novel approaches to photoprotection must go beyond classical MED measurements, as discoveries on the effect of UV radiation skin paints a more complex and multi-pronged scenario with multitude cell types involved. Of these, photoimmunoprotection emerges crucial factor that protects against cancer photoaging. A novel immune parameter is enabled by precise knowledge wavelength dose so...

excretory/secretory antigen was prepared by culturing live adult worms of haemonchus contortus in rpmi 1640 medium at a concentration of 50 worms per ml in a culture-flask at 37 ˚c for 24 hr and the culture supernatant was used as antigen. the e/s antigen was purified by thiol-sepharose affinity chromatography. on western blot analysis, it was demonstrated that thiol-purified antigen showed a s...