abstract the variables affecting the nature of reading comprehension can be classified into two general categories: reader’s variables, and text variables (alderson, 2000). despite the wave of research on vocabulary knowledge as reader’s variable, the role of this knowledge in c-test as a text-dependent test and its interaction with lexical cohesion of the test as a text feature has remained a...

cement is an essential ingredient in the concrete buildings. for production of cement considerable amount of fossil fuel and electrical energy is consumed. on the other hand for generating one tone of portland cement, nearly one ton of carbon dioxide is released. it shows that 7 percent of the total released carbon dioxide in the world relates to the cement industry. considering ecological issu...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family functioning and marital adjustment humor couples are due to the nature and objectives of the research and application of methods for its implementation correlation was used. the study population consisted of all the couples in the city who uses random cluster sampling of 200 students were selected as sample. data from ...

tourism , today as one of the ways to make money, create jobs , and social and political interactions is considered. this paper aims to examine the strengths and weaknesses of tourism development in mahmoud abad ( mazandaran ). the research method in this study is " descriptive - analytical " and to collection of data used field methods such as questionnaires and documentation - library. the sa...

heteropoly acids (hpa) and their salts have advantages as catalysts which make them both economically and environmentally attractive, strong br?nsted acidity, exhibiting fast reversible multi-electron redox transformations under rather mild conditions, very high solubility in polar solvents, fairly high thermal stability in the solid states, and efficient oxidizing ability, so that they are imp...

آلودگی محیط زیست بعلت ورود فاضلابهای صنعتی به داخل سیستمهای آبی یکی از معضلات دنیای صنعتی امروز است . یکی از این آلوده کننده ها آرسنیک می باشد که بیشتر توسط شوینده ها وارد محیط زیست آبی می شود. تاکنون روشهای مختلف اسپکتروسکوپی، کروماتوگرافی و روشهای دیگر تجزیه ای برای تعیین آرسنیک مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند. معهذا این روشها با وجود حساسیت بالا از نظر هزینه ای مقرون به صرفه نبوده و مستلزم وجود دس...

like any other learning activity, translation is a problem solving activity which involves executing parallel cognitive processes. the ability to think about these higher processes, plan, organize, monitor and evaluate the most influential executive cognitive processes is what flavell (1975) called “metacognition” which encompasses raising awareness of mental processes as well as using effectiv...

abstract the first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consciousness-raising (c-r) activities on learning grammatical structures (simple present tense in this case) by iranian guidance school efl learners. the second one was to investigate the effect of gender on learning the simple present tense through c-r activities and tasks. finally, this study aimed to investigate the ...