A map is presented that associates with each element of a loop group a solution of an equation related by a simple change of coordinates to the Camassa–Holm (CH) Equation. Certain simple automorphisms of the loop group give rise to Bäcklund transformations of the equation. These are used to find 2-soliton solutions of the CH equation, as well as some novel singular solutions.

Reversed-phase preparative HPLC analysis of the methanol extract of the seeds of Ilex aquifolium afforded two antioxidant phenylacetic acid derivatives, 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (1) and 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester (2). The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. In the DPPH assay for antioxidant activity, the IC(50) values of 1 and 2 were 1.50 x 10(-3) and 2.5...

Nitrogen (N) deposition is a key driver of global change with significant effects on carbon (C) cycling, species fitness, and diversity; however, its Mediterranean ecosystems are unclear. Here, we simulated N in an N-fertilization experiment 15N-labeled fertilizer montane evergreen holm oak forest, central Catalonia, to quantify short-term impacts leaf, leaf litter elemental composition, resorp...

We investigate the nonhomogeneous initial boundary value problem for the Camassa-Holm equation on an interval. We provide a local in time existence theorem and a weak strong uniqueness result. Next we establish a result on the global asymptotic stabilization problem by means of a boundary feedback law.

This experiment examined how the characteristics of homophones and their mates influence homophone effects, as a function of task demands. Two types of homophones were presented: 1) low-frequency homophones with higher-frequency mates that are not animal names (e.g., maid--made), and 2) low-frequency homophones with mates that are, on average, of equivalent frequency and are animal names (e.g.,...

Relative pollen productivity (RPP) is a key parameter for quantitative reconstruction of past vegetation cover. However, RPP estimates are rarely obtained in the subtropical and tropical regions. In this study, extended R-value (ERV) model was used to estimate major plant taxa evergreen broadleaved mixed forests middle China based on soil samples data from 23 sites. The best result with combina...

A major unknown in the context of current climate change is the extent to which populations of slowly migrating species, such as trees, will track shifting climates. Niche modelling generally predicts substantial northward shifts of suitable habitats. There is therefore an urgent need for field-based forest observations to corroborate these extensive model simulations. We used forest inventory ...

Many clostridial proteins are poorly produced in Escherichia coli. It has been suggested that this phenomena is due to the fact that several types of codons common in clostridial coding sequences are rarely used in E. coli and the quantities of the corresponding tRNAs in E. coli are not sufficient to ensure efficient translation of the corresponding clostridial sequences. To address this issue,...

Argentinean herbal infusions were studied for their beneficial biological properties and secondary metabolites content, such as phenolic compounds in order to find new natural products beneficial. The modifications of antihypertensive and antioxidant activities by the addition of commonly used additives (lemon, sugar and sweetener) were studied also. Ilex paraguaiensis infusion showed the highe...

Habitat fragmentation increases seed dispersal limitation across the landscape and may also affect subsequent demographic stages such as seedling establishment. Thus, the development of adequate plans for forest restoration requires an understanding of mechanisms by which fragmentation hampers seed delivery to deforested areas and knowledge of how fragmentation affects the relationship between ...