Saponin-based adjuvants have been widely used to enhance humoral and cellular immune responses in many species, but their mode of action is not fully understood. A characterization of the porcine transcriptional response to Matrix-M was performed in vitro using lymphocytes, monocytes or monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) and in vivo. The effect of Matrix-M was also evaluated in specific p...

Inflammation is triggered when innate immune cells detect infection or tissue injury. Surveillance mechanisms involve pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. Most PRRs respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by triggering activation of NF-κB, AP1, CREB, c/EBP, and IRF transcript...

Levels of IL-18 were significantly lower in women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) than those without idiopathic RM. IL-18 promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms were previously identified to have an impact on IL18 gene transcription activity and influence the level of IL-18 protein production. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether IL-18 gene polymorphisms are risk factors for idiopath...

The molecular pathogenesis of avian influenza infection varies greatly with individual bird species and virus strain. The molecular pathogenesis of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) or the low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) infection in avian species remains poorly understood. Thus, global immune response of chickens infected with HPAI H5N1 (A/duck/India/02CA10/2011)...

Abstract Mitochondrial synthesis of itaconate by myeloid cells (monocytes and macrophages) is mediated the TCA cycle enzyme Aconitate Decarboxylase 1 (Acod1). Upregulation Acod1–itaconate pathway, occurs after activation various Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or cytokine stimulation (TNF type I Interferons). While anti-inflammatory effects Acod1 – Itaconate pathway have been previously reported (e....

The molecular mechanisms of Fas (CD95/Apo-1)-mediated apoptosis are increasingly understood. However, the role of Fas-mediated production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IL-1β in bacterial infection is unclear. We demonstrate the importance of Fas-mediated signaling in IL-18/IL-1β production postinfection with Listeria monocytogenes without the contribution of caspase-1 inflammas...

We have recently demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-lp levels are elevated in advanced chronic myelogenous leukemia CML) and that IL-l inhibitors can suppress CML clonogenic growth. To further assess the clinical implications of increased IL-1p expression in CML, we analyzed IL-1p and ILl receptor antagonist (IL-IRA) levels in leukocyte lysates from a series of CML patients and from normal volu...

Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), a perfluorinated carboxylic acid, presents in the environment and accumulates in human blood and organs, but its association with tumor promotion are not clear. Given that inflammation plays a significant role in the development of gastric malignancies, we evaluated the effects of PFDA on activation of the inflammasome and inflammation regulation in the gastric ce...

EGFR is upregulated in the majority of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, many patients with HNSCC respond poorly to the EGFR inhibitors (EGFRI) cetuximab and erlotinib, despite tumor expression of EGFR. Gene expression analysis of erlotinib-treated HNSCC cells revealed an upregulation of genes involved in MyD88-dependent signaling compared with their respective vehicle-tr...