Insulin like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) are expressed in embryos and reproductive tracts of several species including cow, sheep and swine. They are mitogenic and have endocrine, paracrine and autocrine function infusing cell division, blastocyst formation, implantation and embryo growth. Increase in embryo growth will probably result with a higher implantation rates leading to consequen...

ghrelin stimulates GH release from pituitary cells in a dose-dependent manner. Intravenous injection of ghrelin induces potent GH release. Endogenous Ghrelin is secreted from the stomach to circulate in the bloodstream and act directly on the pituitary to release GH. Therefore, ghrelin will induce all the effects well known from OH. In skeletal muscle, IGFs are the only known mitogenes that sti...

doi: 10.1093/ije/dyw265 Commentary: Mendelian randomization analysis identifies circulating vitamin D as a causal risk factor for ovarian cancer Caroline J Bull*, James Yarmolinsky and Kaitlin H Wade School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and IGFs and Metabolic Endoc...

1 Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund, Sweden 2 University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, IGFs & Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK 3 Lund University, CREATE Health and Department of Immunotechnology, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden 4 Lund University and Skåne Universit...

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) were initially identified as carrier proteins for IGF-I and IGF-II in a variety of biologic fluids. Their presumed function was to protect IGF peptides from degradation and clearance, increase the halflife of the IGFs, and deliver them to appropriate tissue receptors. The concept of IGFBPs as simple carrier proteins has been complic...

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are potent mitogens for FRTL5 rat thyroid follicular cells. IGFs also synergize the independent mitogenic effects of thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) and other agents that increase intracellular AMP concentration. We examined whether FRTL5 cells and M12 cells, a TSH-independent mutant cell line derived therefrom, secrete IGF that regulates the growth of r...

Circulating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins have been associated with increased risk of breast, prostate, colon, and lung cancer. To examine the association of IGFs and endometrial cancer risk, we measured the plasma levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) by ELISA in 80 women with endometrial cancer and 80 age-matched control subjects with no h...

During pregnancy, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important for growth of fetal and maternal tissues. One of the IGF binding proteins, IGFBP-1, is thought to regulate their activity within the local environment of the placenta. IGFBP-1 usually exists as a phosphorylated, high affinity species, which sequesters IGFs, thereby inhibiting their actions. This study has investigated the mechan...