Ramsey’s theorem says that for every clique H1 and for every graph H2 with no edges, all graphs containing neither of H1,H2 as induced subgraphs have bounded order. What if, instead, we exclude a graph H1 with a vertex whose deletion gives a clique, and the complement H2 of another such graph? This no longer implies bounded order, but it implies tightly restricted structure that we describe. Th...

These days, it is becoming increasingly difficult to browse a newspaper, magazine, or business technology news segment on television without seeing some reference to the Internet, and the new information services available on it that offer some sort of access to "cyberspace" or "the information superhighway." Furthermore, it seems that in some cases, these terms are used interchangably describi...

Information has no value unless it is accessible. With physical books, most people rely on the table of contents and subject index to find what they want. But what if they are reading a book in a digital library and have access to a full­text search tool? The paper describes a search interface to Realistic Books, and investigates the influ­ ence of document format and search result presentation...

Let d be a square-free positive integer, let Od denote the ring of integers in Q. p d/ and let Qd denote the Bianchi orbifold H=PSL.2;Od /. A finite volume, noncompact hyperbolic 3–manifold X is called arithmetic if X and Qd are commensurable, that is to say they share a common finite sheeted cover (see Maclachlan and the second author [15, Chapter 8] for more on this). This paper is concerned ...

In many real-life situations, we know the probability distribution of two random variables x1 and x2, but we have no information about the correlation between x1 and x2; what are the possible probability distributions for the sum x1 + x2? This question was originally raised by A. N. Kolmogorov. Algorithms exist that provide best-possible bounds for the distribution of x1 +x2; these algorithms h...

Given a stream of data, a typical approach in streaming algorithms is to design a sophisticated algorithm with small memory that computes a specific statistic over the streaming data. Usually, if one wants to compute a different statistic after the stream is gone, it is impossible. But what if we want to compute a different statistic after the fact? In this paper, we consider the following fasc...

When you look at library job advertisements you often come across the boilerplate requirement: " awareness of latest trends in academic librarianship. " We want to hire knowledgeable librarians who are up-to-date on issues, best practices, and the major challenges of our field. In the course of an interview, candidates will likely display their currency about academic librarian-ship by answerin...

Teleoperated robots are playing an increasingly important role in military actions and medical services. In the future, remotely operated surgical robots will likely be used in more scenarios such as battlefields and emergency response. But rapidly growing applications of teleoperated surgery raise the question; what if the computer systems for these robots are attacked, taken over and even tur...

Such virtual manipulations lack many qualities of physical manipulation of objects in the real world which users might expect or which users might unconsciously depend upon. For example, in the case of selecting a virtual object using a glove, the user must visually attend to the object (watch for it to become highlighted) before selecting it. But what if the user's attention is needed elsewher...

Researchers Meredith Fowlie (University of California, Berkeley), Stephen Holland (University of North Carolina, Greensboro) and Erin Mansur (Yale University) take a rigorous and sophisticated approach in creating a “what if” scenario within Southern California’s Regional Clean Air Initiatives Market (RECLAIM) program. In their paper, “What do Emissions Markets Deliver and to Whom? Evidence fro...