normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: this randomized clinical trial compared rates of stroke or transient ischemic attack recurrence or death in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale (pfo) who received medical treatment with aspirin or warfarin. materials and methods: forty-four iranian patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale participat...

Non-tariff measures are pervasive. In the area of merchandise trade, although tariffs have fallen worldwide, there has been no shortage of bureaucratic imagination in conceiving new non-tariff measures, or in turning existing regulatory instruments to protectionist ends. In the area of services trade, there is also a growing realisation that domestic regulatory regimes designed to address legit...

The extension of intellectual property rights into the realm of biology has emerged as an increasing focus of controversy in relation to science, biodiversity, agriculture, health, development, human rights and trade. This paper presents the results of a review of international trends in activity for patent protection between 1990-2000 and provisional data to 2004 and 2005 from over 70 national...

In constructing our sample, we started with the work of Maskus (2000), who used the National Trade Estimates Reports on Foreign Trade Barriers and other publications to identify a series of significant patent reforms. Since this set of reforms does not appear to be exhaustive, we consulted two additional sources. Qian (2004) provides a list of countries that made substantial changes to patent l...

International evidence indicates that higher terms of trade levels and lower terms of trade volatility contribute to enhanced growth outcomes, especially for commodity-export and developing countries. New Zealand’s terms of trade have been high and remarkably stable since the early 1990s compared with past experience. We analyse the proximate reasons behind these high, stable terms of trade and...

Abstract Departing employees are a classic problem in trade secret law. Employees who wish to set up on their own or accept job offer from principal’s competitor may often be tempted take with them valuable and information the existing business. The law should protect employers against this. On other hand, have legitimate interest being able change jobs, not so protective as severely hamper lab...

In this paper, we study fundamental trade-offs in privacy-preserving biometric identification systems with noisy enrollment. The proposed include helper data, secret keys, and private keys. Helper data are stored a public database used for identification. Secret keys either secure or provided to the user, can be next step, e.g. authentication. Private by users, also impose enrollment channel an...

The article is devoted to commercial secrets as a special object of intellectual property. authors the conducted comprehensive analysis current legal framework and problems related protection trade secrets, focusing on complexities associated with in various jurisdictions, including Germany, France, United Kingdom Ukraine.The found that technology advances at an unprecedented rate, it becomes i...