Single words and sentences referring to bodily actions activate the motor cortex. However, this semantic grounding of concrete language does not address the critical question whether the sensory-motor system contributes to the processing of abstract meaning and thought. We examined functional magnetic resonance imaging activation to idioms and literal sentences including arm- and leg-related ac...

The rhetorical distinction between literal and metaphorical meanings and so semantic and discoursal opacity often associated with idioms is universal. But the format of idioms can stand out, and the means by which the expressions are formed, often drawing on the use of notable objects or events relevant to the native society concerned are often culture bound. These objects and events can often ...

Idioms have been recognized to be commonly adopted by academic practitioners in their speech and writing. However, despite common occurrence English communication, idioms pose great challenges for non-native speakers, as they are often ignored classrooms. Particularly Vietnam, a minimal number of appear textbooks published the Ministry Education, teachers appeared under-emphasize idioms’ useful...

This paper describes a project aimed at converting a legacy representation of English idioms into an XML-based format. The project is set in the context of a large electronic English-Polish dictionary which contains several hundred formalized idiom descriptions and which has been released under the terms of a free license. In short, the project consists of three phases: cleaning up the dictiona...

This paper describes a structure of a standalone Intrusion Detection System (IDS) based on a large Bayesian network. To implement the IDS we develop the design methodology of large Bayesian networks. A small number of natural templates (idioms) are defined which make the design of Bayesian network easier. They are related to specific fragments of Bayesian networks representing the basic element...

This study investigates how L2 learners judge the familiarity and transparency of English idioms and whether these judgments would be associated with comprehension. It compares the performance of 90 undergraduate (Level 1 and Level 4) EFL students on tasks measuring idiom familiarity, transparency and comprehension. Results showed that the Level 4 students rated the idioms higher in familiarity...

The formal analysis of idioms has been oscillating between approaches that emphasize the unit-like character and focus on autonomy idioms' parts. In this paper, we summarize main arguments for against these two positions to then propose an account tries capture combine insights advantages both types analysis. resulting theory is heavily influenced by approach taken in Riehemann (2001).

3 Detailed Guidelines 8 3.1 Idioms and Near Idioms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Referring Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2.1 Pronouns and Definite Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.2.2 Resumptive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...