As a molten alloy or any multi-component liquid is cooled and solidified the growing solid phase usually forms a porous matrix through which the residual liquid can flow. The reactive two-phase medium comprising the solid matrix and residual liquid is called a mushy layer. Buoyancy forces, owing primarily to compositional depletion as one or more of the components of the alloy are extracted to ...

Ideally an embedding of an N -dimensional dynamical system is N -dimensional. Ideally, an embedding of a dynamical system with symmetry is symmetric. Ideally, the symmetry of the embedding is the same as the symmetry of the original system. This ideal often cannot be achieved. Differential embeddings of the Lorenz system, which possesses a twofold rotation symmetry, are not ideal. While the dif...

In this paper, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) method is used to find the best compromising design of intake manifold for a 3-cylinder engine considering mean value of torque, torque at 3500 rpm, mean value of brake mean specific consumption (BSFC) and BSFC at 3500 rpmas four objective functions. To calculate the objective functions, engine simulation i...

Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) are ideal biosensors to detect proteins, but their lack of sensitivity hinders their extensive use. We report a strategy that yields up to an 8-fold improvement in the sensitivity of a gold nanoparticles-based LFIA by changing the sizes of the pads. Theoretical flow simulations of the developed LFIA architectures are in accordance with the experimental results.

let $r$ be a commutative ring with identity and $mathbb{a}(r)$ be the set   of ideals of $r$ with non-zero annihilators. in this paper, we first introduce and investigate the principal ideal subgraph of the annihilating-ideal graph of $r$, denoted by $mathbb{ag}_p(r)$. it is a (undirected) graph with vertices $mathbb{a}_p(r)=mathbb{a}(r)cap mathbb{p}(r)setminus {(0)}$, where   $mathbb{p}(r)$ is...

DLR Lampoldshausen carried out cold flow tests to study the flow field in a truncated ideal contour nozzle at low nozzle pressure ratios. A convex shaped Mach disk was found for nozzle pressure ratios less than 10 and a slight concave one for nozzle pressure ratios more than 20. Due to boundary layer transition the convex Mach disk is temporary tilted and redirects the flow towards the nozzle w...

Collective flow reflects dynamical evolution in high-energy heavy ion collisions. In particular, the strange hadron elliptic flow reflects early collision dynamics [ 1]. We present results from a systematic analysis of the centrality dependence of strange hadron elliptic flow (v 2) measurement of K 0 S , Λ and Ξ for Cu + Cu collisions at 200 GeV. Results for Cu + Cu collisions are compared with...

Collective flow reflects dynamical evolution in high-energy heavy ion collisions. In particular, the strange hadron elliptic flow reflects early collision dynamics [ 1]. We present results from a systematic analysis of the centrality dependence of strange hadron elliptic flow (v 2) measurement of K 0 S , Λ and Ξ for Cu + Cu collisions at 200 GeV. Results for Cu + Cu collisions are compared with...

Introduction Chemically reacting flows are of increasing importance to NASA's terrestrial and space missions. In cases where the flow geometry is complex, which includes most practical devices, ability to utilize overset grids greatly enhances NASA's ability to accurately model the flow physics. The OVERFLOW code is therefore an ideal platform for implementing chemical modeling capability. This...