background; pollution of drinking water and ice is one of the most serious ways of water borne diseases spread. the purpose of this study was to investigate the bacterial contamination of the ice produced by ice factories in bandar abbas. methods; in this descriptive ,cross-sectional study samples were collected from seven ice factories in bandar abbas. sampling was done by standard method.    ...

Fish is one of the high-protein foods that are very helpful for development human brain. Then, it necessary to maintain freshness fish consumption. At this time, fishers and fishmongers preserve by using Ice in storage. However, considered ineffective due improper ice change time. Therefore, monitoring temperature important find right time when replacing used ensure quality fish. The device use...

The potential applications of ice-templating porous materials are constantly expanding, especially as scaffolds for tissue engineering. Ice-templating, a process utilizing ice nucleation and growth within an aqueous solution, consists of a cooling stage (before ice nucleation) and a freezing stage (during ice formation). While heat release during cooling can change scaffold isotropy, the freezi...

In the central Arctic Ocean, autonomous observations of the ocean mixed layer and ice documented the transition from cold spring to early summer in 2011. Ice-motion measurements using GPS drifters captured three events of lead opening and ice ridge formation in May and June. Satellite sea ice concentration observations suggest that locally observed lead openings were part of a larger-scale patt...

Representation of till rheology in glaciological models of ice motion over deformable sediments has, until now, focused largely on two end-member cases: (1) linear, or mildly non-linear, viscous rheology and (2) (nearly) plastic rheology. Most laboratory and in situ experiments support the latter model. Hindmarsh (1997) and Fowler (2002, 2003) proposed that experimental results represent the be...

Ice-based thermal energy storage (TES) systems can shift peak cooling demand and reduce operational energy costs (with time-of-use rates) in commercial buildings. The accurate prediction of the cooling load, and the optimal control strategy for managing the charging and discharging of a TES system, are two critical elements to improving system performance and achieving energy cost savings. This...

Ice cream is a kind of dairy products consumed all over the world and most popular among children and adults. However, ice cream available commercially is generally poor in natural antioxidants and vitamins. Thus, it is of interest to improve the nutritional values of ice cream using spiny bitter cucumber (Gac) which is a good source of lycopene and β-carotene along with probiotic bacteria. Fir...

in a large scale cyclic storage system ,as the number of rule parameters and/or number of operating period increase, general purpose gradient-based nlp solvers and/or genetic algorithms may loose their merits in finding optimally feasible solution to the problem. in these cases hybrid ga which decomposes the main problem into two manageable sub-problems with an iterative scheme between ga and l...

statement of problem: there are controversial reports regarding physical and mechanical properties of resin composites and glass ionomer cements. some revealed higher strength and hardness for resin composites while others showed a comparable value for glass ionomer cements. evaluation of mechanical properties of different types of resin composites in comparison with resin modified glass ionome...

Clathrate hydrates have recently received attention as novel storage and transportation materials for natural gases or hydrogen. These hydrates are treated as powders or particles, and moderate storage temperatures (around 253 K) are set for economic reasons. Thus, it is necessary to consider the sintering of hydrate particles for their easy handling because the hydrates have a framework simila...