Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) bind unsaturated fatty acids and lipid peroxidation products during tissue injury from hypoxia. We evaluated the potential role of L-type FABP (L-FABP) as a biomarker of renal ischemia in both human kidney transplant patients and animal models. Urinary L-FABP levels were measured in the first urine produced from 12 living-related kidney transplant patients im...

Erythropoietin (EPO), an essential hormone for erythropoiesis, can provide protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and hypoxic apoptosis. GATA-4 is a zinc finger transcription factor, and its activation and post-translational modification are essential components in the transcriptional response to hypoxia. GATA-4 has also been reported to play a role in the cellular mech...

Purpose Postcardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) shares many features with sepsis including plasma cytokine elevation with dysregulation of cytokine production, and the presence of endotoxin in plasma. PCAS is closely related to ischemia-reperfusion injury. During ischemia-reperfusion injury, neutrophil, which is the first line of innate immunity, plays a major role. In this study, we investigated th...

BACKGROUND Chronic hypoxia contributes to progressive tubulointerstitial injury and, consequently, renal failure. However, the effect of hypoxia on glomerular podocytes, which are integral to the slit diaphragm complex and responsible for selectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier, has not been completely determined. METHODS Conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cells were exposed t...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially devastating disorder of preterm infants but its aetiology remains unclear. The aim of these studies was to develop a neonatal piglet model for NEC and to then use the model to investigate the role of platelet activating factor (PAF) in its pathogenesis. METHODS Anaesthetised newborn piglets were divided into six groups: (i) ...

BACKGROUND Preconditioning phenomena provide evidence for adaptive responses to ischemia that have important implications for treatment/prevention of myocardial infarction. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) mediates adaptive transcriptional responses to hypoxia/ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Exposure of wild-type mice to intermittent hypoxia resulted in protection of isolated hearts against i...

Preconditioning with brief ischemia before a sustained period of ischemia reduces infarct size in the perfused heart. A cultured chick ventricular myocyte model was developed to investigate the role of adenosine receptor subtypes in cardiac preconditioning. Brief hypoxic exposure, termed preconditioning hypoxia, prior to prolonged hypoxia, protected myocytes against injury induced by the prolon...

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury causes skeletal muscle infarction and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) augments ischemic tolerance in animal models. To date, this has not been demonstrated in human skeletal muscle. This study aimed to develop an in vitro model to investigate the efficacy of simulated IPC in human skeletal muscle. Human skeletal muscle strips were equilibrated in oxygenated Kreb...

Pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is initiated by oxidative injury to the pulmonary vascular wall. Because nitric oxide (NO) can contribute to oxidative stress and because the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) is often upregulated in association with tissue injury, we hypothesized that iNOS-derived NO participates in the pulmonary vascular wall injury at the onset of hypoxic ...

The major side effect of cyclosporin A is severe nephrotoxicity. It is likely that cyclosporin A causes vasoconstriction leading to hypoxia-reperfusion injury; therefore, these experiments were designed to attempt to obtain physical evidence for hypoxia and free radical production in kidney following cyclosporin A. Rats were treated daily with cyclosporin A (25 mg/kg ig) for 5 days, and pimonid...