BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between refractive error and vision-related quality of life in 16-year-old students in Taiwan. METHODS A cross-sectional study was designed for 16-year junior-high-school students in Taiwan. Myopia was defined as a spherical refractive error (SRE) < -0.50 D, hyperopia as SRE > +1.0 D, and emmetropia as SRE -0.5-+1.0 D in the better eye. Vision-r...

During development, the eye grows under visual feedback control, as shown by its compensating for defocus imposed by spectacle lenses. Under normal conditions the sign and magnitude of defocus vary with viewing distance, accommodative status and other factors. To explore how periods of myopic and hyperopic defocus are integrated over time we presented rapidly alternating episodes of myopic and ...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence rates of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia in a prevalence survey of adults in Sumatra, Indonesia. METHODS A population-based prevalence survey of 1043 adults 21 or more years of age was conducted in five rural villages and one provincial town of the Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. A one-stage household cluster sampling procedure was used...

PURPOSE To report calculated crystalline lens power and describe the distribution of ocular biometry and its association with refractive error in older Chinese adults. METHODS Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged 50 years and above in Xuhui and Baoshan districts of Shanghai. Refraction was determined by subjective refraction that achieved the best corrected vision based...

PURPOSE Our aim was to observe the transient hyperopia during the intense glucose reduction in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes and severe hyperglycemia. STUDY DESIGN Consecutive cases were observed. RESULTS Totally 4 men and 1 woman with a mean age of 48 years were enrolled. In the 4 patients who received insulin, the hyperopia developed at 4.2 days after the initiation of treatment ...

BACKGROUND The latest WHO report indicates that refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment throughout the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism in 7 yr old children in Iran. METHODS In a cross-sectional study in 2013 with multistage cluster sampling, first graders were randomly selected from 8 cities in Iran. All c...

What is the association between refractive error and glaucoma when race and ethnicity are factored in? Shen et al. explored this question and found that myopia and hyperopia are associated with particular forms of glaucoma. The investigators looked at primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and 3 types of open-angle glaucoma: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and ...

PURPOSE To describe the prevalence of refractive errors in a population of adult Americans. METHODS From 1988 to 1990, 4926 adults who were 43 to 84 years of age and living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin at the time of the 1987-1988 census were examined. Refractions were performed according to a modification of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol. Included in this study were 453...

In this study we report on the effects of constant light (CL) on the refractive development and ocular morphology of White Leghorn chicks (Cornell K-strain). Refractive state and corneal curvature were measured by IR photoretinoscopy and IR keratometry respectively. The axial lengths of the ocular components were measured by A-scan ultrasonography. We find that constant light produces significa...

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of treating patients with +3.00 diopters (D) to +6.00 D of hyperopia via laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with the WaveLight Allegretto 400 and EX500 excimer laser systems. SETTING Private clinical ophthalmology practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients undergoing LASIK treatments of +3.00 to +6.00 D on two differ...