INTRODUCTION Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to verify the craniofacial characteristics and craniocervical posture of OSA and healthy subjects, determining possible relationships with the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI). METHODS This case-control study evaluated 21 subjects with...

RATIONALE High tibial osteotomy (HTO) has been used widely for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis to correct the deformity and relieve symptoms, especially in young patients who are willing to maintain the high activity level. However, the change of bone morphology, ligament imbalance, limb malalignment, and other complications may influence the short-term outcomes of HTO. Some cases may ev...

Equinus gait, a common movement abnormality among individuals with stroke and cerebral palsy, is often associated with knee hyperextension during stance. Whether there exists a causal mechanism linking equinus foot placement with knee hyperextension remains unknown. To investigate the response of the musculoskeletal system to equinus foot placement, a forward dynamic simulation of normal walkin...

BACKGROUND Multiple fractures of the atlas and axis are rare. The management of multiple fragment axis fractures and unstable atlas fractures is still challenging for the spinal surgeon. There are no published reports of similar fractures with 3-part fracture of axis associated with an unstable atlas fracture. CASE SUMMARY We present a patient with concurrent axis and atlas fractures, which h...

Male, 58-year-old white patient with a history revision arthroplasty of the left hip, with complaints of pain associated with the felling of clicking in the medial aspect of the left knee six months after surgery. At clinical examination, besides the confirmation of a palpable snapping during knee flexion and extension, a knee hyperextension was identified (Figure 1). A tendency towards genu re...

This communication deals solely with a group of cases, hitherto rather obscure, in which damage to the cervical part of the spinal cord occurs without radiographic evidence of vertebral injury or displacement. Two alternative explanations of such injury have been postulated. The first is that the spinal cord pressure is due to acute massive prolapse of an intervertebral disc : but our limited e...

While a full understanding of continuing symptoms following a soft tissue hyperextension injury of the cervical spine remains elusive, recent research has shown that the explanation may lie with occult lesions beyond the musculoskeletal structures of the neck. The balance of the roles of injury, psychological factors, and the effects of litigation has shifted towards the former. However this in...

V1 and V2b interneurons (INs) are essential for the production of an alternating flexor-extensor motor output. Using a tripartite genetic system to selectively ablate either V1 or V2b INs in the caudal spinal cord and assess their specific functions in awake behaving animals, we find that V1 and V2b INs function in an opposing manner to control flexor-extensor-driven movements. Ablation of V1 I...