Datura is known as a medicinal plant and hallucinogen all over the world. rich source of alkaloids such Hyoscyamine, hyoscine, scopolamine, atropine, with anolides (lactones) other tropanes. Based on presence alkaloids, formulations containing exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant, herbicidal, antifungal, antiviral antiulcer properties. Historically, has been employed in treatment skin disorders, ...

agrobacterium rhizogenes (pri), a causative agent of hairy root disease, effectively induces hairy root formation in a variety of plant species. in our study four bacterial strains ar15834, a4, 9435 and c318 and three explants types leaf, stems and roots, were examined. hairy roots were induced from roots, stems and leaf explants. the highest transformation efficiency of 77% was achieved by usi...

A mutant human m5 receptor containing the mutations of Ser465 to Tyr and Thr466 to Pro showed constitutive activity. By replacing the equivalent Ser388 with Tyr and Thr389 with Pro, we created a mutant human m1 (Hm1) receptor with comparable double mutations. The mutant receptor, Hm1(Ser388Tyr, Thr389Pro), was stably expressed in A9 L cells and displayed enhanced responses to classical muscarin...

Obstructive lymphedema of extremities in humans is characterized by swelling of tissues with lymph stasis and inflammatory infiltrates in skin and subcutaneous tissues. Treatment of the inflammatory component requires application of antiinflammatory drugs. We studied the effect of topical application of Unguentum Lymphaticum (UL) containing antiphlogistic compounds (digitalis, calendulin, hyosc...

Black henbane (BH) or Hyoscyamus niger, has been used as a medicine since last centuries and has been described in all traditional medicines. It applies as a herbal medicine, but may induce intoxication accidentally or intentionally. All part of BH including leaves, seeds and roots contain some alkaloids such as Hyoscyamine, Atropine, Tropane and Scopolamine. BH has pharmacological effects like...

Striatal m4 muscarinic receptors are important because their blockade controls movement, and they are preferentially located on striatal neurons that project to the internal globus pallidus. The following studies were performed in vitro to provide a basis for using antimuscarinic toxins to study the effects of selective m4 blockade on movement in vivo. Because m4-toxin has limited selectivity a...