INTRODUCTION In 1975, Small and coworkers first introduced the concept of ion chromatography (IC) that allowed the sensitive detection of ions using suppressed conductivity detection. A significant portion of this work was dedicated to cation analysis. The original components described by Small et al. for the separation of cations included a low-capacity, sulfonated polystyrene/ divinylbenzene ...

Proton transfer in protonated Nafion fuel cell membranes is studied using several pyrene derivative photoacids. Proton transfer in the center of the Nafion nanoscopic water channels is probed with the highly charged photoacid 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS). At high hydration levels, both the time-integrated fluorescence spectrum and the fluorescence kinetics of HPTS permit the determ...

In the fuel cell, however, this simple chemical reaction is prevented by the electrolyte that separates the fuel (H2) from the oxidant (O2). The electrolyte serves as a barrier to gas diffusion, but permits ion transport. Accordingly, half cell reactions occur at the anode and cathode, producing ions that can traverse the electrolyte. For example, if the electrolyte conducts protons, H2 will be...

ABSTRACT Hydronium (H3O+) was first detected in 1986 interstellar molecular clouds. It reported many Galactic diffuse and dense regions, as well extragalactic sources. H3O+ plays a major role both oxygen water chemistry. However, despite the large number of observations, its collisional excitation investigated only partially. In this work, we study state-to-state rotational (de-)excitation orth...

Quantum cluster and embedded cluster approaches were used to investigate the proton transfer reaction for a series of model clusters of zeolite/(H2O)n ; n = 1, 2, 3, and 4, using the B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level of theory. For both calculations, without promoted water, the hydrogen-bonded dimer of the zeolite/water system exists as a simple hydrogen-bonded complex, ZOH(H2O)2, and no proton transfer ...

We have studied the hydrophobic water/octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) interface by using the phase-sensitive sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (PS-SFVS), and we obtained detailed structural information of the interface at the molecular level. Excess ions emerging at the interface were detected by changes of the surface vibrational spectrum induced by the surface field created by the excess ...

The performance of a new chemical ionization reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CIR-TOF-MS) utilising the environment chamber SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric Photochemistry In a large Reaction Chamber – Forschungzentrum J ¨ ulich, Ger-many) is described. The work took place as part of the ACCENT (Atmospheric Com-5 position and Change the European NeTwork for excellence) supported oxyg...

HYPOTHESIS Silanol groups at the silica-water interface determine not only the surface charge, but also have an important role in the binding of ions and biomolecules. As the pH is increased above pH 2, the silica surface develops a net negative charge primarily due to deprotonation of the silanol group. An improved understanding of the energetics and mechanisms of this fundamentally important ...

Transient absorption measurements monitor the geminate recombination kinetics of solvated electrons following two-photon ionization of liquid water at several excitation energies in the range from 8.3 to 12.4 eV. Modeling the kinetics of the electron reveals its average ejection length from the hydronium ion and hydroxyl radical counterparts and thus provides insight into the ionization mechani...