This study investigates how anthropogenic aerosols, alone or in conjunction with radiatively active gases, affect the tropical circulation with an atmosphere/mixed layer–ocean general circulation model. Aerosolinduced cooling gives rise to a substantial increase in the overall strength of the tropical circulation, a robust outcome consistent with a thermodynamical scaling argument. Owing to the...

Urban development can produce great impacts on local hydrology reducing infiltration and evapotranspiration, and increasing direct runoff volumes. Runoff control practices are implemented at local scales to control flow discharges and preserve the hydrological cycle. These techniques usually have green infrastructure therefore the application in semiarid and Mediterranean regions requires accou...

A coupled atmospheric/land-surface model covering the conterminous United States with an associated 1-hour atmospheric data assimilation cycle, the Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System (MAPS), has been improved to include snow and frozen soil physics. The new aspects of the land-surface model are described in this paper, along with detailed one-dimensional (1-D) tests. These tests show that...

This paper constitutes a review on the history and current state-of-the-art on studies of the hydrological cycle and estimates of the components of the water balance in the Amazon Basin. Since the 1970’s, various papers started to discuss the issues of water balance and moisture transport in the region, using simple models and meteorological data from reduced surface and upper air observational...