Please note that this opinion replaces the earlier version which contained an error in the 'conclusion and recommendation' section on page. 23. SUMMARY The Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food is asked to evaluate substances used as flavourings or present in flavourings or present in other food ingredients with flavouring properties...

Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) are powerful carbon-carbon bond forming enzymes. The reverse of their natural reaction - the stereoselective addition of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to carbonyls - yields chiral cyanohydrins, versatile building blocks for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry. Recently, bacterial HNLs have been discovered, which represent a completely new type: HNLs with a cupin fold....

We report theoretical integral and differential cross sections for electron scattering from hydrogen cyanide derived from two ab initio scattering potential methods. For low energies (0.1-100 eV), we have used the symmetry adapted-single centre expansion method using a multichannel scattering formulation of the problem. For intermediate and high energies (10-10,000 eV), we have applied an optic...

Reference-frequency generation for optical fiber instrumentation is now restricted to the frequency bands in which the reference materials have well-resolved absorption lines. We study analytically and experimentally the possibility of generating reference wavelengths by use of Raman-enhanced four-photon mixing in an optical fiber. We show that it is possible to generate efficiently frequencies...

The pure rotational transitions of the protonated hydrogen cyanide ion, HCNH, and its isotopic species, HCND and DCND, were measured in the 107 482 GHz region with a source modulated microwave spectrometer. The ions were generated in the cell with a magnetically confined dc-glow discharge of HCN and/or DCN. The rotational constant B0 and the centrifugal distortion constant D0 for each ion were ...

Cyanide is a competitive inhibitor of carbon dioxide in the vitamin K-dependent glutamate carboxylase system, which plays a central role in the function of the blood clotting cascade. The mechanism of cyanide inhibition has been obscure for some time. At pH 7.2, cyanide (pKa = 9.21) will exist in solution as hydrogen cyanide to the extent of 99%. Hydrogen cyanide is linear triatomic molecule ab...

Introduction Plant chemical defenses can influence the distribution, community composition, and abundance of soil biota. Urbanization plays a key role in shaping biotic communities either directly through changes properties or indirectly via plant characteristics such as defense traits. The effects urbanization on structure aboveground plant-associated have been studied, yet their belowground r...

Lithium-based batteries have the potential to undergo thermal runaway (TR), during which mixtures of gases are released. The purpose this study was assess explosibility gaseous emission from LIBs an NMC-based cathode runaway. In current project, a series pouch lithium-based battery cells exposed abuse conditions (thermal) total amount released and composition gas mixture. First, were placed in ...

Abstract Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ), one of the major pulse crops in India, endured extreme reduction production due to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Endophytic bacteria residing nodules roots chickpea plants enable host combating these Twenty endophytic isolated from were screened for multiple plant growth promoting traits like ammonia, organic acid, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide (HCN...

Concern over poisoning as a result of eating cassava roots or shoots has led to these studies to determine factors which lead to high cyanide content in these tissues and how detoxification can be carried out. Plant age or stage of development does not seem to have a clear influence on root or shoot cyanide content. Genetic control on cyanide content seems significant as varieties may be identi...