In this brief review, we present some cosmological models with a Hybrid Scale Factor (HSF) in the framework of general relativity (GR). The hybrid scale factor fosters an early deceleration as well late time acceleration and mimics Universe. dynamical aspects different HSF presence matter fields have been discussed.

Abstract The article studies segmentation problem (also known as classification problem) with pairwise Markov models (PMMs). A PMM is a process where the observation and underlying state sequence form two-dimensional chain, it natural generalization of hidden model. To demonstrate richness class PMMs, we examine closer few examples rather different types PMMs: model for two related chains, that...

This paper illustrates new hybrid latent variable models that are promising for phenotypical analyses. The hybrid models combine features of dimensional and categorical analyses seen in the conventional techniques of factor analysis and latent class analysis. The paper focuses on the analysis of categorical items, which presents especially challenging analyses with hybrid models and has recentl...

this paper investigates the forecasting gold coin futures contract price in iran mercantile exchange. this research has presented a hybrid model based on genetic fuzzy systems (gfs) and artificial neural network (ann) to forecast the gold futures contract, at first, we use stepwise regression analysis (sra) to determine factors which have most influence on stock prices. at the next stage we div...

In this research, the effects of torque tightening on the stress distribution in double lap simple bolted and hybrid (bolted-bonded) joints have been investigated numerically. In order to determine the bolt clamping force value due to tightening torque in simple bolted and hybrid joints, which is necessary in numerical simulation, an experimental approach has been proposed. To do so, two kinds ...