A suitable methodology of synthesis of coumarin derivatives by Pechmann reaction over heterogeneous solid acid catalysts in a free solvent media under microwave irradiation is described. Resorcinol, phenol and ethyl acetoacetate were selected as model reactants in the Pechmann condensation. The catalytic activity of several materials-Amberlyst-15, zeolite β and sulfonic acid functionalized hybr...

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via water splitting requires the development of advanced and inexpensive electrocatalysts to replace expensive platinum (Pt)-based catalysts. The scalable hydrothermal synthesis of SnS on N-reduced graphene (N-rGr) sheets is presented for the first time, which is used as a highly-active electrocatalyst with long-term stability in acidic, neutral, and alkali...

Photosynthetic biohybrid systems (PBSs) combine the strengths of inorganic materials and biological catalysts by exploiting semiconductor broadband light absorption to capture solar energy and subsequently transform it into valuable CO2-derived chemicals by taking advantage of the metabolic pathways in living organisms. In this work, we first traverse through a brief history of recent PBSs, dem...

Dimethyl ether (DME) is a versatile raw material and an interesting alternative fuel that can be produced by the catalytic direct hydrogenation of CO2. Recently, this process has attracted attention industry due to environmental benefits CO2 elimination from atmosphere its lower operating costs with respect classical, two-step synthesis DME syngas (CO + H2). However, kinetics thermodynamic limi...

Since its inception a decade ago, sol-gel encapsulation has opened up an intriguing new way to immobilize biological materials. An array of substances, including catalytic antibodies, DNA, RNA, antigens, live bacterial, fungal, plant and animal cells and whole protozoa, have been encapsulated in silica, metal-oxide, organosiloxane and hybrid sol-gel polymers. The advantages of these 'living cer...

This manuscript is focused on the relationship between sol-gel synthesis processes and development of new active phases with fitted morphology, porosity surface chemistry. The influence above parameters catalytic performance prepared materials for aromatization n-hexane to benzene also evaluated. Different series catalysts were prepared, either using noble metals (i.e., Pt) or metal oxides Mo, ...

preparation of 2-chlorobenzonitrile, and benzonitrile are reported here from the corresponding 2-chlorobenzaldehyde and benzaldehyde by the reaction of ammonium hydroxide/vpo titania, vpo bulk (ammonium metavanadate) cucr catalyst/air system in methanol. all these catalysts showed better conversions with reasonable selectivity to aromatic. the results prove that bet surface area results show vp...

in ziegler-natta olefin polymerization, the pore architecture of catalysts plays a crucial role in catalyticperformances and polymer properties. while the type of preparation routes (such as chemical reaction andsolution precipitation) greatly affects the catalyst pore architecture as a result of different solidification mechanisms,the modification of the pore architecture within a given route ...

Owing to their high energy-conversion efficiency, low or even zero emission, and high energy and power density, fuel cells such as proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) have drawn tremendous attention as potential clean and efficient power sources for both electric vehicles and portable electronics. A major limiting factor of energy-conversion efficie...

Recently, hybrid carbon materials and inorganic nanocrystals have received an intensive amount of attention and have opened up an exciting new field in the design and fabrication of high-performance catalysts. Here we present a novel kind of hybrid counter electrode (CE) consisting of a carbon fiber (CF) and Co9S8 nanotube arrays (NTs) for fiber-shaped flexible quantum dot-sensitized solar cell...