Asymmetric membrane currents and fluxes of Ca2+ release were determined in skeletal muscle fibers voltage clamped in a Vaseline-gap chamber. The conditioning pulse protocol 1 for suppressing Ca2+ release and the "hump" component of charge movement current (I gamma), described in the first paper of this series, was applied at different test pulse voltages. The amplitude of the current suppressed...

Entry of sand dunes into the railway tracks can result in sand deposition on tracks, railway obstruction, derailment, damage to track flexibility, and impairment of electrical signs and rail fleet. It is aimed to investigate the strategies and solutions for reducing sand aggregation on railway tracks (including construction of sand passage canals through embankments and modification of the geom...

Traffic simulation represents an effective tool for evaluating the suggested alternatives to enhance traffic conditions prior to their application in real sites. U-turn sections represent examples of the complicated sections that cannot be analyzed properly without applying microsimulation approach.  Recently, in Iraq, speed humps were applied in prior to the merging locations and U-turn sectio...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate power-assisted bone removal in cosmetic rhinoplasty. DESIGN Nonrandomized, nonblinded, retrospective evaluation of consecutive case series. SETTING Academic facial plastic surgery practice. INTERVENTIONS Power-assisted bone removal in 105 consecutive rhinoplasties requiring nasal bone reduction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Subjective evaluation by patient and surgeon. ...

The elevational gradient of species richness is often claimed to mirror the latitudinal gradient and has traditionally been explained by assuming a decrease in productivity with elevation and more recently by Rapoport's rule. The influence of area on the pattern has rarely been considered. Analyses of all South American tropical land birds (more than one-fourth of the extant bird species on Ear...