Bisphenol-A (BPA) is widely used in the plastic industry, and it is one of the well-studied endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Growing evidence raised the concern of BPA having weak estrogenic activity on human health including female reproductive functions and diseases. Serum BPA level is also associated with pregnancy loss, reproductive tract diseases and infertility. In fact, several cou...

As the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator is an integrator of hormonal, metabolic, and neural signals, it is not surprising that the function of the hypothalamogonadal axis is subject to the influence of a large array of environmental factors. Before puberty, the central nervous system (CNS) restrains the GnRH pulse generator. Undernutrition, low socioeconomic st...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa background: cigarette smoke contains many oxidants and may alter the human reproduction by inducing oxidative stress (os) in both active and passive smokers. this study was designed to evaluate the effect of environmental tobacco smoke (ets) exposure on oxidative stress in the follicular follicle and the assisted reproduction outcomes. materials and...

introduction toxoplasma gondii is one of the most important pathogen that has adverse effect on reproductive function. evidence acquisition recent studies revealed that infection with t. gondii not only affect female reproduction, also cause male reproductive impairment. in clinical studies, high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sterile men has been reported. in animal models, toxoplasmosis is as...