The expansion of wavefront-sensing techniques redefined the meaning of refractive error in clinical ophthalmology. Clinical aberrometers provide detailed measurements of the eye's wavefront aberration. The distribution and contribution of each higher-order aberration to the overall wavefront aberration in the individual eye can now be accurately determined and predicted. Using corneal or ocular...

There is growing interest in using automatically computed corpus-based evaluation metrics to evaluate Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems, because these are often considerably cheaper than the human-based evaluations which have traditionally been used in NLG. We review previous work on NLG evaluation and on validation of automatic metrics in NLP, and then present the results of two studie...

In this paper we revisit the task of quantitative evaluation of coreference resolution systems. We review the most commonly used metrics (MUC, B, CEAF and BLANC) on the basis of their evaluation of coreference resolution in five texts from the OntoNotes corpus. We examine both the correlation between the metrics and the degree to which our human judgement of coreference resolution agrees with t...

Twitter offers scholars new ways to understand the dynamics of public opinion and social discussions. However, in order to understand such discussions, it is necessary to identify coherent topics that have been discussed in the tweets. To assess the coherence of topics, several automatic topic coherence metrics have been designed for classical document corpora. However, it is unclear how suitab...

Deriving a measure for the reusability of software components has proven to be a challenging task. As with much human related assessment, the transformation of intuitive human evaluation into a concise polynomial representation is problematic, given the holistic nature of that human intuition. Many metrics exist intuitively without mathematical models. We describe here an alternative approach t...