We investigated genetic mutations in the coding region of the human growth hormone (hGH) gene in anti-pituitary antibody (APA)-positive patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (n = 6) or autoimmune thyroid diseases (n = 10) and in APA-negative, healthy controls (n = 10). A point mutation in the hGH gene was discovered in two patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. No mutations were found in the ...

Human placental chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS-A or hCS-B) and pituitary growth hormone (hGH-N) are related by structure and function. The hCS-A gene is expressed in rat pituitary tumour (GC) cells after gene transfer. Deletion of hCS-A 5'-flanking DNA reveals repressor activity upstream of nucleotide -132, and a region essential for expression in GC cells between nucleotides -94 and -61. The...

We report here that autocrine production of human growth hormone (hGH) results in a phenotypic conversion of mammary carcinoma cells such that they exhibit the morphological and molecular characteristics of a mesenchymal cell, including expression of fibronectin and vimentin. Autocrine production of hGH resulted in reduced plakoglobin expression and relocalization of E-cadherin to the cytoplasm...

Based on phage display optimization studies with human growth hormone (GH), it is thought that the biopotency of GH cannot be increased. This is proposed to be a result of the affinity of the first receptor for hormone far exceeding that which is required to trap the hormone long enough to allow diffusion of the second receptor to form the ternary complex, which initiates signaling. We report h...

Only a few investigations concerning growth hormone (HGH) levels in maternal and cord blood in humans have been made. These were limited to normal pregnancies (Greenwood, Hunter, and Klopper, 1964; Yen, Pearson, and Stratman, 1965). Though the absolute values of HGH cannot be compared in these two investigations since different methods of measuring the HGH were used, both studies found a higher...

We have selectively synthesized a number of peptides encompassing the region of helix 3 of growth hormone (GH). These peptides and native human (h) GH have been evaluated for mitogenic and receptor activities in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. In this system, wild type hGH is anti-mitogenic. In contrast, hGH 108-129 stimulated DNA synthesis while other GH-derived peptides were ineffective. hGH (L) 108...

Combinatorial shotgun scanning mutagenesis was used to analyze two large, related protein binding sites to assess the specificity and importance of individual side chain contributions to binding affinity. The strategy allowed for cost-effective generation of a plethora of functional data. The ease of the technology promoted comprehensive investigations, in which the classic alanine-scanning app...

High-level expression of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) leads to the formation of insoluble aggregates as inclusion bodies devoid of biological activity. Until recently, significant efforts have been made to improve the recovery of active hGH from inclusion bodies. Here, we developed an efficient procedure for the production of completely soluble hGH by min...