Human reliability assessment (HRA) is the common name for an assortment of methods and models that are used to predict the occurrence of ‘human errors’. While the origin of HRA is in Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA), HRA is increasingly being used on its own both as a way to assess the risks from ‘human error’ and as a way to reduce system vulnerability. According to [1] the three principa...

Due to advances in silicon manufacturing technology, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems are useful in many applications such as automobile immobilizers, animal tracking, payment systems, automatic toll collection and inventory management. As RFID systems use both radio and wire communication, security issues become a critical concern. However, even if security and privacy solutions h...

The error dispersion is a perplexity related measure of the effective number of error categories used by listeners in an identification experiment. The error difference is calculated from the error dispersions of several confusion matrices and measures the difference between these confusion matrices. The error dispersion and the error difference are largely independent of the error rate. It is ...