To extend the coverage and capacity of Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets), femtocells (HeNodeBs) has been impressive to deploy in in-house or apartment. Owing to co-channel spectrum involvement these HeNodeB sources CoTier interference (CTI) with neighbor HeNodeBs and users of HeNodeB (HUE) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing Access (OFDMA). As a result, CTI is occurred which causes of ...

A hierarchical algorithm for face analysis is presented in this paper. A color video sequence of speaker’s face is acquired, under natural lighting conditions and without any particular make-up. The application aims at providing geometrical features of the face for scalable video transmission when no specific model of the speaker face is assumed. First, a logarithmic hue transform is performed ...

To fully comprehend the meaning and impact of visualized data it is crucial that users are able to perceive and comprehend the inherent uncertainty of the data in a correct and intuitive way. Data uncertainty is frequently visualized through color mappings. Previous studies argued that color hue is not suitable for communicating uncertainty because most hue scales lack an intrinsic perceptual o...

Color image difference metrics have been proposed to find differences between an original image and a modified version of it. One of these metrics is the hue angle algorithm proposed by Hong and Luo in 2002. This metric does not take into account the spatial properties of the human visual system, and could therefore miscalculate the difference between an original image and a modified version of...

We examine mathematical properties of the CIEDE2000 color difference formula and illustrate that the CIEDE2000 color difference is not a continuous function of the CIELAB color pairs between which the difference is calculated. Particularly, we illustrate that ambiguities in the computation of mean hue angle and hue angle differences of color pairs contribute to a discontinuity in the formula fo...

Bathymetry is a key element in the modeling of river systems for flood mapping, geomorphology, or stream habitat characterization. Standard practices rely on interpolation situ depth measurements obtained with differential GPS total station surveys, while more advanced techniques involve bathymetric LiDAR acoustic soundings. However, these high-resolution active are not so easily applied over l...