Concepts deriving from criminology, housing policy, and environmental psychology are integrated to test two ways that housing conditions could relate to crime in a declining first-ring suburb of Salt Lake City. For existing housing, we use a model to test whether housing incivilities, such as litter and unkempt lawns, are associated with later crime. For new housing, we test whether a new subdi...

All laboratory animals shall be provided some form of environmental enrichment (EE) in the nearest future (Directive 2010/63/EU). Displacing standard housing with EE entails the possibility that data obtained under traditional housing may be reconsidered. Specifically, while EE often contrasts the abnormalities of consolidated disease models, it also indirectly demonstrates that their validity ...

This paper demonstrates how formal housing ® nance is the product of the perceptions that prevail among the middle and upper classes, who as policy-makers, econom ists and managers, determ ine how housing ® nance institutions ® x the terms and conditions of housing loans for the urban poor. They use affordability criteria that ® t the purchase or construction of a house in one go. However, affo...

"Housing" - the practical provision of a roof over one's head - is experienced by users as "home" - broadly described as housing plus the experiential elements of dwelling. Conversely, being without housing, commonly described as "homelessness", is experienced not only as an absence of shelter but in the philosophical sense of "ontological homelessness" and alienation from the conditions for we...

As animal experiments and testing are still a necessary part of the discovery and development of new drugs and do not seem likely to be totally replaced in the foreseeable future, it is important that the care and use of these animals are continuously refined. Since the housing facilities are where most experimental animals spend the major part of their lives, this area should be given special ...

BACKGROUND The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has remained unclear, but a causative contribution of factors outside the central nervous system (CNS) is conceivable. It was recently suggested that gut bacteria trigger the activation of CNS-reactive T cells and the development of demyelinative disease. METHODS C57BL/6 (B6) mice were kept either under specific pathogen free or conventional ...

An artificial burrow was developed which fits into standard laboratory cages and significantly reduces stereotypic digging in gerbils. Also, the causes of bar-chewing were assessed experimentally. Neither the lack of gnawing material, nor the spatial proximity of cage-lid bars and food in the hopper nor the routine husbandry procedure of transferring juvenile gerbils to a fresh cage, but premat...

Following the promulgation of the new nation-state in 1932, the Saudi Arabian government embarked upon modernizing its traditional society. Political stability and improved economic conditions made possible by the increasing oil revenues, resulted in unprecedented demographic increases and rapid urbanization. The government spearheaded the process of introducing modern building techniques and c...

Finding suitable and affordable housing is one of the major concerns facing African migrants in Australia. This paper reports on work in progress at the University of South Australia on housing affordability and community integration for African refugees and migrants. This research seeks to address the relationship between housing and integration and the implications for African community settl...

This article presents an analysis of the factors that predicted 1989 homelessness rates in large U.S. cities. Data were collected to describe homelessness rates in the 182 cities with populations over 100,000. In addition, variables were assembled to represent many factors that have been hypothesized to cause homelessness, including each city’s housing and income conditions, household resources...