BACKGROUND Thermal safety standards for the use of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) ensembles have been established for various US occupations, but not for law enforcement personnel. OBJECTIVES We examined thermal strain levels of 30 male US law enforcement personnel who participated in CBRN field training in Arizona, Florida, and Massachusetts. METHODS Physiological r...

The existence of single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SMSERS) is proven by employing a frequency-domain approach. This is demonstrated using two isotopologues of Rhodamine 6G that offer unique vibrational signatures. When an average of one molecule was adsorbed per silver nanoparticle, only one isotopologue was typically observed under dry N2 environment. Additionally, the distr...

This paper is a synopsis of the results of a research on the wind catcher, the cooling systems in traditional Iranian architecture which used in cities with hot-dry and hot-humid climates. This review demonstrates wind towers' characteristics with emphasis on their morphology. Different ratios between different elements of wind catcher such as its plan’s length to width, its tower height to she...

Sustainable architecture is known as an important strategy in recent years and all around the world are cooperating to achieve this by use of natural elements. There are many examples of residential buildings in Iran s past and its traditional architecture that the architecture in the interim of paying attention to aesthetic issues and preserving the natural environment acts in a way that meets...

Pteronotus personatus (Wagner, 1843) is a mormoopid bat commonly called Wagner’s mustached bat. A small bat, fully furred, it is 1 of 6 species in the genus Pteronotus. This species ranges from the most tropical regions of Mexico to South America across northern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana and through northwestern Colombia, and in a band across Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Bra...

In this paper, we present what was learned in the research & design process of a decentralized ventilation system with chilled ceilings for a commercial office in Singapore. We make two key observations from the knowledge gathered. First, we observe, in quantitative terms, that present-day radiant cooling panel products may not provide sufficient sensible cooling capacity for commercial offices...

The energy required to create a comfortable living environment in high-density cities in hot and humid climates usually demands a substantial electricity usage with an associated environmental burden. This paper describes an integrated passive design approach to reduce the cooling requirement for high-rise apartments through an improved building envelope design. The results show that a saving o...

BACKGROUND This is a report of 2 cases of fungal wound infection after cataract surgery (phacoemulsification). Both patients were noticed to have the fungal wound infection at the one-month follow-up after the surgery. OBSERVATIONS Although both patients had been advised to taper steroid containing antibiotic eye drops, they failed to do so. Despite intensive treatment with antifungal eye dro...