An in vivo biotransformation system is presented that affords the hydroxylation of n-octane to 1-octanol on the basis of NADH-dependent CYP153A monooxygenase and NAD(+)-reducing hydrogenase heterologously synthesized in a bacterial host. The hydrogenase sustains H2-driven NADH cofactor regeneration even in the presence of O2, the co-substrate of monooxygenase.

The innate immune system provides the first line of defense against pathogens. To recognize pathogens, this system detects a number of molecular features that discriminate pathogens from host cells, including terminal sialylation of cell surface glycans. Mammalian cell surfaces, but generally not microbial cell surfaces, have sialylated glycans. Prions or PrP(Sc) are proteinaceous pathogens tha...

condensed densely staining matrices surrounded by intact inner and outer membranes, and acceptor control ratios near 5 with 0-hydroxybutyrate as substrate. Mitochondria from the rapidly growing hepatoma 3924A, in contrast to those from hepatomas 96ISA and 7800 and from host liver, have diluted-appearing matrices, fail to oxidize 0-hydroxybutyrate, and have low acceptor control ratios in the pre...

In the present study, nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (NOS/NO) status was tested in the host plants infected with fungi, bacteria and virus. In each case cytosolic nitric oxide synthase (Cyt-NOS) of diseased plants was inhibited and inhibition was competitive in nature in respect to l-arginine, the substrate for the enzymic activity. Elevation of host nitric oxide (NO) level before infection...

The response of three larval–pupal parasitoids, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron), and Tetrastichus giffardianus Silvestri, to the Hamakua pamakani gall fly, Procecidochares alani L., was determined in the laboratory. We also observed responses of these parasitoids to their normal rearing hosts, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) andCeratitis capitata (Weidemann...

Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria possess a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject bacterial proteins, called type III effectors (T3Es), into host cells through a specialized syringe structure. T3Es are virulence factors that can suppress plant immunity but they can also conversely be recognized by the plant and trigger specific resistance mechanisms. The T3SS and injected T3Es play a...

background opportunistic infections have become much more considerable in the last decades, especially in immunocompromised patients and due to the medical interventions. cryptosporidium is a pathogenic protozoan parasite causing diarrhea in children and some times acts as a life threatening opportunistic pathogen in the immunocompromised adults. objectives this study aimed to investigate the p...

Functionalization of silicon-based sensing devices with self-assembled receptor monolayers offers flexibility and specificity towards the requested analyte as well as the possibility of sensor reuse. As electrical sensor performance is determined by electron transfer, we functionalized H-terminated silicon substrates with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) molecules to investigate the electronic coupling be...

Bacterial enzyme ‘Hyaluronidase’ is a complex polysaccharide degrading enzyme that cleaves â-GlcNAc-(14) glycosidic linkage of Hyaluronate (HA) by â-elimination process. It is synthesized by a spectrum of grampositive bacteria which serve as potential contributors to a multitude of infectious diseases in human beings. Especially, group A streptococcus bacteria (GAS) have evolved several orders...

The integrase (Int) of the lambda-like coliphage HK022 catalyzes the site-specific integration and excision of the phage DNA into and from the chromosome of its host, Escherichia coli. Int recognizes two different pairs of recombining sites attP x attB and attL x attR for integration and excision, respectively. This system was adapted to the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 as a pote...