The death of a biological population is an extreme event [1] which we investigate here for a host-parasitoid system. (Parasites let the host survive, parasitoids eventually kill the host. In the following both are called parasites.) For seasonal hosts (plants or animals) the parasites can survive only if they parasitise the right developmental stage (egg, larva, pupa, imago) of their host. Ther...

Scabies continues to be an important parasitic disease of humans, and other mammals. Suprisingly for a disease that has afflicted humans since antiquity, little is directly known about the basic biology of the parasite, the host-parasite interactions, the host immune response, and host susceptibility. Much more research in these areas is needed if we are to understand fully the occurrence, tran...

In international law, the concept of “host” state is ubiquitous. Host states are where International Organizations headquartered; they recipients aid and peacekeeping forces. also beneficiaries foreign investment. As opposed to home state, business, entity, or troops permanently located, host typically has a temporary relationship with entity in question. Treaties, contracts other legal instrum...

Immigrants' access to citizenship in their country of residence is increasingly debated in Western democracies. It is an underlying premise of these debates that citizenship and national belonging are closely linked, but at the same time there is considerable cross-country variation in how citizenship is approached in Western democracies. In the literature, these differences are typically under...