Presented here is a method, the hierarchical charge partitioning (HCP) approximation, for speeding up computation of pairwise electrostatic interactions in biomolecular systems. The approximation is based on multiple levels of natural partitioning of biomolecular structures into a hierarchical set of its constituent structural components. The charge distribution in each component is systematica...

OBJECTIVES To develop and assess the validity of measures of patients' attachment-related perceptions of experiences with healthcare providers (HCPs). SETTING Online survey. PARTICIPANTS 181 people provided consent and 119 completed the survey (66%). Most participants were women (80%). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Questions were developed to assess possible attachment functions ...

Background and Aims: The caspases are unique proteases that mediate the host cell apoptosis during viral infection. In this study, we identified the caspase cleavage motifs of H5N1 and H9N2 influenza viruses isolated during 1998-2012. Materials and Methods: Amino acid sequences of the eleven proteins encoded by the viruses as the caspase substrates downloaded from NCBI. The caspase cleavage mot...

Hydrocephalus (HCP) is a common complication in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In this review, we summarize the advanced research on HCP and discuss the understanding of the molecular originators of HCP and the development of diagnoses and remedies of HCP after SAH. It has been reported that inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress are the important causes of HCP, and we...

Background A steady increase of product titers and the corresponding change in impurity composition represent a challenge for development and optimization of antibody production processes [1,2]. Concentration and composition of impurities like host cell proteins (HCP) are critical for efficient process development. These impurities show significant variations, which primarily depend on cell cul...