BACKGROUND Varicella pneumonia has been studied extensively in adults; it may also affect children and may require hospitalization. METHODS We examined pneumonia complications in children hospitalized for varicella, over a 13 year period. RESULTS Pneumonia occurred in 8.2% of children hospitalized for varicella. The median length of hospitalization was 6 days. No statistically significant d...

BACKGROUND Although hypoxemic children have high mortality, little is known about hypoxemia prevalence and oxygen administration in African hospitals. We aimed to determine the hypoxemia prevalence and quality of oxygen treatment by local clinicians for hospitalized Malawian children. METHODS The study was conducted in five Malawian hospitals during January-April 2011. We prospectively measur...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Children with neurologic impairment (NI) are commonly hospitalized for different types of pneumonia, including aspiration pneumonia. We sought to compare hospital management and outcomes of children with NI diagnosed with aspiration versus nonaspiration pneumonia. METHODS A retrospective study of 27 455 hospitalized children aged 1 to 18 years with NI diagnosed with p...

BACKGROUND Substantial progress has been made in the management of pediatric HIV infection in Ethiopia with the implementation of mother-to-child-prevention programs. Since the introduction of HAART in 2005, mortality among HIV-infected children has reduced while the rate of hospitalization was expected to rise. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to assess predictors of hospitalization i...

BACKGROUND Blood cultures are often recommended for the evaluation of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, institutions vary in their use of blood cultures, and blood cultures have unclear utility in CAP management in hospitalized children. OBJECTIVE To identify clinical factors associated with obtaining blood cultures in children hospitalized with CAP, and to estimate the association...

Sixty-five pediatric patients who received liver transplants between May 1981 and May 1984 were observed for as many as 5 years and examined for changes in life-style. Children were less frequently hospitalized, spent less time hospitalized, required fewer medications, and generally had excellent liver and renal function after hepatic transplantation as compared with their pretransplantation st...

Background Febrile seizure is the most common seizure disorders. Febrile seizure is divided into two groups of simple and complex seizures.  The aim of this epidemiological study was to assess the risk factors involved in the incidence of febrile seizures between the children referred to Besat hospital in the city of Sanandaj (Iran). Materials and Methods The present paper is a cross-sectional...

OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between mental and physical illness in hospitalized children. METHODS The data for this analysis came from the 2009 Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). Any child with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code indicative of depressive, anxiety, or bipolar disorders or a diagnosis of sickle cell disease, diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, ast...

BACKGROUND Early recognition of bacterial infections is crucial for their proper management, but is particularly difficult in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) for diagnosing bacterial infections and assessing the prognosis of hospitalized children with SAM, and to determi...

BACKGROUND A Salmonella enterica epidemic occurred in children of the area of L'Aquila (Central Italy, Abruzzo region) between June 2013 and October 2014, four years after the catastrophic earthquake of 6 April 2009. METHODS Clinical and laboratory data were collected from hospitalized and ambulatory children. Routine investigations for Salmonella infection were carried out on numerous alimen...