BACKGROUND Large-scale schistosomiasis control programs are implemented in regions with diverse social and economic environments. A key epidemiological feature of schistosomiasis is its small-scale heterogeneity. Locally profiling disease dynamics including risk factors associated with its transmission is essential for designing appropriate control programs. To determine spatial distribution of...

Necator americanus Glutathione-S-Transferase-1 (Na-GST-1) plays a role in the digestion of host hemoglobin by adult N. americanus hookworms. Vaccination of laboratory animals with recombinant Na-GST-1 is associated with significant protection from challenge infection. Recombinant Na-GST-1 was expressed in Pichia pastoris and adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide adjuvant (Alhydrogel) according to curr...

BACKGROUND The hookworms, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, cause significant gastrointestinal blood loss. In clinical studies, greater blood losses have been reported with A. duodenale. However, there has been no evidence that endemic A. duodenale infection has greater impact than N. americanus infection on the iron status of populations. METHODS In a sample of 525 school childre...

The prevalence of hookworm infection is as high as 95% in certain communities of developing countries particularly in the tropical and sub tropical areas (Hoagland and scad, 1978; walsh and warren, 1979). The chronic internal blood loss caused due to hook worm infection is associated with iron deficiency anaemia, protein, folic acid and vitamin B12 (Roche and Layrisse, 1996; Woodruff, 1982; Li,...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of periodic selective treatment with 500 mg mebendazole on soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in Cuban schoolchildren. METHODS We followed up a cohort of 268 STH-positive schoolchildren, aged 5-14 years at baseline, at six-month intervals for two years and a final follow-up after three years. Kato-Katz stool examination was used to detect infections wi...

Hookworms are intestinal blood-feeding nematodes that parasitize and cause high levels of mortality in a wide range of mammals, including otariid pinnipeds. Recently, an empirical study showed that inbreeding (assessed by individual measures of multi-locus heterozygosity) is associated with hookworm-related mortality of California sea lions. If inbreeding increases susceptibility to hookworms, ...

an address at the Royal Sanitary Institute on April 26th, 1922, stated that recent observation by American workers had shown the pig to be a disseminator of hookworm larvae. In the annual report of the work done in the hookworm laboratory of the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine during 1921, issued by the Indian Tea Association on May 10th, 1922, Dr. R. Borland McVail writes: " In view of th...

Human hookworm infection is a major cause of anemia and malnutrition in the developing world. In an effort to control hookworm infection, the Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative has identified candidate vaccine antigens from the infective larval stage (L3) of the parasite, including a family of pathogenesis-related-1 (PR-1) proteins known as the ancylostoma-secreted proteins (ASPs). The functions...

Anemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy are prevalent in developing countries, but their causes are not always known. We assessed the prevalence and severity of anemia and iron deficiency and their association with helminths, malaria and vitamin A deficiency in a community-based sample of 336 pregnant women in the plains of Nepal. Hemoglobin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) and serum ferrit...

The main aim of this project is to capture the properties of hookworms, GLCM technique is first applied to detect the location of hookworm and then the Guided Filter is used to reduce the distortion. To differentiate the unique visual features of hookworm from different components of gastrointestinal structure, Morphological operation is been proposed to locate their exact tubular structure. Wi...