INTRODUCTION Conventionally, posterior C1-C2 fusion has been performed using a sublaminar wiring technique with a structural bone graft. Subsequent advent of newer fixation devices, such as the C1 lateral mass screw and C1 hook, has achieved more solid fixation with improved surgical outcome; however, in these fixation systems, the protruding end of the metal implant above the level of the atla...

Background: Oxford medial unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) is indicated in patients with anteromedialosteoarthritis (AMOA) of the knee. Microplasty (MP) instrumentation was introduced in 2012 as an improvement overphase 3 instrumentation. Advantages of this instrumentation include conservative tibial cut, decreased tibial re-cut rateand improved component alignment. We report the results...

introduction: the purpose of this in vitro study was to compare working length (wl) changes after straight-line access (sla) and different coronal flaring (cf) methods. materials and methods: coronal access preparations were made (without sla) in molar teeth to allow access to 120 canal orifices with a hand file. the suitable cusp and root tips were then flattened to facilitate reproducible and...

We consider the partial order on partitions of integers deened by removal of rim hooks of a given length. The isomorphism between this poset and a product of Young's lattices leads to rim hook versions of Schensted correspondences. Analogous results are given for shifted shapes. A shape, or Young diagram, is a nite order ideal of the lattice P 2 = f(k; l) : k; l 1g. Each shape = f(i; j) : 1 j i...

The effects of circle hooks on blue shark Prionace glauca catch in a pelagic longline fishery were assessed in fishing experiments on two research essels in the western North Pacific off the coast of Japan from May to September 2005. We used conventional tuna hooks (standard Japanese ook size; 3.8 sun) and two sizes of circle hooks (4.3 sun and 5.2 sun) for each fishing operation and compared c...

Along history of the long hook: the first paper regarding hook length control in the flagellum appeared about 40 years ago. Silverman and Simon (1972) found that a flaE (the previous name of fliK in Escherichia coli) mutant produced extraordinarily long hooks, which they named polyhooks, and concluded that the flaE gene “functions to control the length of the hook” (22). Around the same time, P...

Caudal epididymal spermatozoa of golden hamsters were incubated in capacitation medium. Their movement patterns changed as they became hyperactivated and underwent the acrosome reaction. To understand the basic mechanism by which changes in movement pattern are brought about, digital image analysis was carried out on the flagellar movements recorded with a video system. The degree of flagellar ...

1 2 Colleen R. Courtney, Loralyn M. Cozy, and Daniel B. Kearns* 3 4 Indiana University 5 Department of Biology 6 Bloomington, IN 47408 7 8 Current address: 9 New York University 10 Sackler Institute of Microbiology-Parasitology 11 New York, NY 10016 12 13 Current address: 14 University of Hawaii 15 Department of Microbiology 16 Honolulu, HI 96822 17 18 19 Corresponding author 20 Email: dbkearns...

Clotting blood contains fibrin-bound thrombin, which is a major source of procoagulant activity leading to clot extension and further activation of coagulation. When bound to fibrin, thrombin is protected from inhibition by antithrombin (AT) + heparin but is neutralized when AT and heparin are covalently linked (ATH). Here, we report the surprising observation that, rather than yielding an iner...