BACKGROUND HIV infection significantly increases the risk of tuberculosis and this disease is one of the most common opportunistic infections in HIV Patients. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine of the prevalence of tuberculosis and risk factor among HIV patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, from September 2009 to September 2010, 71 HIV patients who re...

Benthamism-which conceived of prisoners as "different from normal people ... [in need of] firm and extensive management from the outside" (p. 46). This carceral turn to an ideology normally associated with enabling citizens to seek their own greatest happiness was not unique to Britain. Alexis de Tocqueville, after all, had remarked on the "complete despotism" in American prisons, all the more ...

This article examines how a branch of medicine based within the criminal justice system responded to a society which by the 1970s and 1980s was increasingly critical of the prison system and medical authority. The Prison Medical Service, responsible for the health care of prisoners in England and Wales, was criticised by prison campaigners and doctors alike for being unethical, isolated, secret...

To assess the construct and criterion validity of the Prison Inmate Inventory (PII), this study examined the ability of four PII scales to predict measures representing the potential for criminal recidivism and return/increased duration of prison sentence in a large population of prisoners (N = 31,954) in the United States. Criminal history measures used to test the construct and criterion vali...

Nonlethal forms of self-injury are often discussed together with suicide attempts as though they belonged on a continuum of self-harm. Both types of self-injury are common in prisons, which have a predominantly male population; however, most studies of nonlethal self-injury have been done with female subjects. This exploratory study tested the hypothesis that prisoners who injured themselves wi...

Psychopathy is considered one of the best predictors of violence and prison misconducts and is arguably an important clinical construct in the correctional setting. However, we tested whether psychopathy can be used to predict misconducts in prison environments for women as has been done for men. To date, few studies exist that examine and validate this association in female offender samples. T...

introduction: ingestion of a foreign body is a common problem among all age groups. most of the foreign bodies in the pharynx are usually lodged at the level of cricopharynx. the diagnosis is based on history, clinical, and radiological examination. most foreign-body ingestions are accidental, but there may be contributory factors such as mental disorder, alcoholism, and prison incarceration. t...