The closing sentence of Paul Lauterbur’s seminal article on MRI is “Zeugmatographic (imaging) techniques should find many useful applications in studies of the internal structures, states and composition of microscopic objects”. His innovation opened a world of applications for MRI in medicine and biology. This talk will focus on the cycle of innovation and application that has propelled us to ...

Gastritis is defined as inflammation of the gastric mucosa. In histological terms, it is distinguishable into two main categories, i.e. non-atrophic and atrophic. In the gastric mucosa, atrophy is defined as the loss of appropriate glands. There are several etiological types of gastritis, their different etiology being related to different clinical manifestations and pathological features. Atro...

has been found necessary. It gives the essential features in a compact and readily understood manner and saves the junior student from the bewilderment that would probably befall him if he relied exclusively on some of the larger text-books on histology. It is by no means a simple cram book but gives clear accounts of the different structures in moderately technical language. Some parts, such a...

Sequential Bayesian filters, such as particle filters, are often presented as an ideal means of tracking the state of nonlinear systems. Here shadowing filters are demonstrated to perform better than sequential filters at tracking under specific circumstances. The success of shadowing filters is attributed to avoiding both well-known deficiencies of particle filters, and some newly identified p...

We present experimental measurements of light backscattered from double-scale randomly rough surfaces (oceanlike surfaces) with different statistical parameters illuminated at small and large angles of incidence. The surfaces are composed of a small-scale roughness superimposed on a slowly (large-scale) varying surface. The large-scale surfaces are diamond-machined periodic surfaces made on alu...

The term 'Crohn's syndrome' is preferred to that of Crohn's disease as this is a condition of unknown, single, or possibly multiple aetiology. There are a large number of synonyms, including terminal ileitis, regional ileitis, regional or segmented colitis. It affects ileum or colon, alone or in combination. The disease manifests itself by well-demarcated areas of thickened bowel, stenosis, oft...