Botulinum toxin causes paralysis of skeletal muscle by preventing the release of acetylcholine at motor nerve terminals (Burgen, Dickens, and Zatman, 1949). It is known that, when a sub-lethal quantity of toxin is injected directly into muscles of experimental animals, paralysis and atrophy of those muscles develop and persist for a long time (Guyton and MacDonald, 1947; Jirmanova, Sobotkova, T...

BACKGROUND Conjunctival pyogenic granulomas are commonly seen after ocular surgeries or at an ocular wound site. The aim of this study is to describe a novel histological classification for medically uncontrolled conjunctival pyogenic granulomas (MUCPG), and to explore whether the diversity in clinical features correlates to different histological subtypes of MUCPG. METHODS This is an observa...

In a surgical series of 54 carcinomas of the thyroid in children under 15 years of age (22 males, 32 females), differentiated carcinoma was disclosed in 50 cases. Of these, the pattern was purely papillary in 5, purely follicular in 3 and mixed, i.e. papillary and follicular, in 42 cases. There was an admixture of a solid component in 25 of the mixed cases. In one case the tumour was solid medu...

A study is presented of the histological structure and growth rate of the growth plate at the distal end of the femur in normal children. From a comparison of quantitative histological information from post-mortem specimens with measurements on serial radiographs it is estimated that the distal growth plate contributes about 66% of the total longitudinal growth of the bone. The marked differenc...

Oligodendroglioma poses a biological conundrum for malignant adult human gliomas: it is a tumor type that is universally incurable for patients, and yet, only a few of the human tumors have been established as cell populations in vitro or as intracranial xenografts in vivo. Their survival, thus, may emerge only within a specific environmental context. To determine the fate of human oligodendrog...