the effect of repetitive electrical field stimulation and the response of the guinea-pig and rat ileal longitudinal muscle to single pulse stimulations was examined. single pulse field stimulation produced twitch contraction which was inhibited by repetitive field stimulation (10 hz, 40v, 0.5 msec for 5 m). this inhibition was largely, though never completely, reversed by naloxone. contractions...

Swamp eel ( Monopterus albus ) processing produced byproducts such as heads that possess a high protein, carbohydrate, lipid, and energies content. were hydrolyzed (SEHPH) tested for their antibacterial activity against histamine-producing bacteria (HPB) to explore the potency. The hydrolysis was conducted by commercial papain enzyme PAYA (concentration 4%) with various times (0, 60, 120, 180 m...

The gastrointestinal tract is believed to play an important role in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), because during critical illness the stomach often is colonized with enteric Gram-negative bacteria. These are the same bacteria that frequently are isolated from the sputum of patients with VAP. Interventions such as selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD), use of sucralfate...

The low pH of the stomach serves as a barrier to ingested microbes and must be overcome or bypassed when delivering live bacteria for vaccine or probiotic applications. Typically, the impact of stomach acidity on bacterial survival is evaluated in vitro, as there are no small animal models to evaluate these effects in vivo. To better understand the effect of this low pH barrier to live attenuat...

We investigated the role of bacterial adherence and hemolysin production from Escherichia coli parent and genetically cloned strains as to their effects on histamine release from rat mast cells and leukotriene generation from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. These mediators were involved in the induction of inflammatory disease processes and led, for example, to enhancement of vascular per...

Several lines of evidence suggest that brain histamine may be involved in the central control of food intake. The effect of histamine on feeding is mediated through three kinds of receptors (H1, H2, and H3). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of histamine, promethazine (H1 antagonist) and ranitidine (H2 antagonist) on food intake of fre...

Vertical wind shear and concentration gradients of viable, airborne bacteria were used to calculate the upward flux of viable cells above bare soil and canopies of several crops. Concentrations at soil or canopy height varied from 46 colony-forming units per m over young corn and wet soil to 663 colony-forming units per m over dry soil and 6,500 colony-forming units per m over a closed wheat ca...

background: mahyaveh is an iranian salted-fermented fish sauce which due to its high amount of protein has risk of histamine production. this study was carried out to determine effect of zataria multiflora essential oil (eo) on histamine production in mahyaveh. methods: dried anchovies (stolephorus sp.), refined-salt and mustard seed (brassica juncea) were purchased from the local market in ban...

Unrelated spore-forming bacteria share unique characteristics stemming from the presence of highly resistant endospores, leading to similar challenges in health and disease. These characteristics are related to the presence of these highly transmissible spores, which are commonly spread within the environment and are implicated in host-to-host transmission. In humans, spore-forming bacteria con...