Experiments were carried out in urethane-anesthetized rats in order to evaluate the hypothesis that the red nucleus has functional connections with the hippocampal formation. Depth profiles of electrical stimulation in Experiment 1 confirmed that stimulation administered to the red nucleus elicited theta field activity in the hippocampal formation with a linear relationship between stimulus int...

Experiments were carried out in urethane-anesthetized rats to evaluate the hypothesis that the red nucleus has functional connections with the hippocampal formation. Depth profiles of electrical stimulation in experiment 1 confirmed that stimulation administered to the red nucleus elicited theta field activity in the hippocampal formation with a linear relationship between stimulus intensity an...

Environmental boundaries play a crucial role in spatial navigation and memory across a wide range of distantly related species. In rodents, boundary representations have been identified at the single-cell level in the subiculum and entorhinal cortex of the hippocampal formation. Although studies of hippocampal function and spatial behavior suggest that similar representations might exist in hum...

Our previous analyses showed that allopregnanolone (APalpha) significantly increased proliferation of rodent and human neural progenitor cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of APalpha to promote neurogenesis in the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ), to reverse learning and memory deficits in 3-month-old male triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's (3xTgAD) and the ...

Lipotoxicity involves pathological alterations to cells and tissues in response to elevated fat levels in blood. Furthermore, this process can disturb both cellular homeostasis and viability. In the current study, the authors show that neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are vulnerable to high levels of palmitic acid (PA) a saturated fatty acid. PA was found to cause cell death associated with eleva...

Background: Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a tumor suppressor protein that is involved in myeloid cell differentiation in response to retinoic acid (RA). In addition, RA acts as a natural morphogen in neural development. Objectives: This study aimed to examine PML gene expression in different stages of in vitro neural differentiation of NT2 cells, and to investigate the possible role o...

objective(s):growing evidence indicates that extract of ginkgo biloba (egb) attenuates hippocampal-dependent memory deficit in aged individuals; however, very little is known about the effect of egb on the structure of hippocampus. therefore we examined the egb-induced morphological changes of the cornu ammonis (ca) region in aged rats. materials and methods: sixteen aged male wistar rats, 24 m...

epilepsy as one of the most common neurological disorders affects more than 50 million people worldwide with a higher prevalence rate in low-income countries. excessive electrical discharges in neurons following neural cell damage or loss cause recurrent seizures. one of the most common and difficult to treat types of epilepsy is temporal lobe epilepsy (tle) which results from hippocampal scler...

Neurons are continuously added to the brain throughout life, and these neurons must develop dendritic arbors and functional connections with existing neurons to be integrated into neuronal circuitry. The molecular mechanisms that regulate dendritic development of newborn neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus are still unclear. Here, we show that beta-catenin is expressed in newborn granule n...

Hippocampal activity influences neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus; however, little is known about the involvement of the hippocampal circuitry in this process. In the subgranular zone of the adult dentate gyrus, neurogenesis involves a series of differentiation steps from radial glia-like stem/progenitor (type-1) cells, to transiently amplifying neuronal progenitor (type-2) cells, to post...