A review on adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and the quality of life of patients living with HIV in the scientific literature, indexed in MEDLINE between 1998 and 2008, was performed. Studies published in Portuguese, Spanish or English with patients over 18 years of age were included. Reviews, case reports and letters were excluded. Of the 21 studies found, 12 were included (th...

High-income countries are moving toward tuberculosis (TB) elimination. Sophisticated diagnostic tests and effective treatment regimens are readily available. The range of available resources even makes effective treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) possible. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy and specific TB control measures has reduced the incidence of HI...

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a collection of inflammatory disorders associated with paradoxical worsening of preexisting infectious processes after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. At the initial stage of the disease, the imaging findings can be misdiagnosed as pneumonia resulting ...

BACKGROUND Sub-optimal adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among injection drug users (IDUs) is a significant concern. As such, there is an urgent need to identify psychosocial determinants of adherence that can be incorporated into interventions designed to promote optimal adherence. OBJECTIVE To identify psychosocial determinants of adherence to HAART, as well as self-...

Although the amount of HIV in resting CD4+ cells clearly decreased when an intensive regimen of HAART and valproic acid was used, researchers are concerned that their laboratory equipment and techniques may not be sensitive enough to detect very low levels of latently infected cells. However, as interest in eradication studies grows, it is likely that HIV detection technologies and techniques w...

The rate of comorbidities not related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among HIV-infected patients may be higher than expected. We assessed the incidence of comorbidities not related to HIV infection or AIDS by CD4 cell count and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use status in an HIV clinical practice. A total of 2824 patien...

Alteration of γδ T-cell distribution and function in peripheral blood is among the earliest defects during HIV-infection. We asked whether the polyfunctional response could also be affected, and how this impairment could be associated to CD4 T-cell count. To this aim, we performed a cross-sectional study on HIV-infected individuals. In order to evaluate the polyfunctional-Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell response...

OBJECTIVE To compare the benefits of tuberculosis (TB) treatment with TB and HIV prevention for the control of TB in regions with high HIV prevalence. DESIGN AND METHODS A compartmental difference equation model of TB and HIV has been developed and fitted to time series and other published data using Bayesian methods. The model is used to compare the effectiveness of TB chemotherapy with thre...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prevention of the mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program in Benin City, Nigeria on the prevalence of postnatal infant HIV. Effects of the duration of PMTCT, place of birth and sex of the infants on the prevalence of postnatal HIV were also assessed. Dried blood spots were collected from 318 infants (6−8 weeks old) born to HIV-positive m...