Climate is changing worldwide, but Arctic Alaska is warming at a rate almost twice the global average [1]. Changes already observed in Alaskan landscapes include rapidly eroding shorelines, melting ground ice (permafrost), wetland drying, ice wedge degradation, increased shrub growth at high latitudes, and conifer forest decline [2-4]. Sustainable ecological function, community resiliency, and ...

We introduce Casper, a proof of stake-based finality system which overlays an existing proof of work blockchain. Casper is a partial consensus mechanism combining proof of stake algorithm research and Byzantine fault tolerant consensus theory. We introduce our system, prove some desirable features, and show defenses against long range revisions and catastrophic crashes. The Casper overlay provi...

Bitcoin and its underlying blockchain mechanism have been attracting much attention. One of their core innovations, Proof-of-Work (PoW), is notoriously inefficient which potentially motivates a centralization of computing power, defeating the original goal of decentralization. Proof-of-Stake (PoS) is later proposed to replace PoW. However, both PoW and PoS have different inherent advantages and...

Publicado no ano de 2011, contendo 263 páginas, o livro Pesquisa Qualitativa: estudando como as coisas funcionam, Robert Edward Stake apresenta em uma descrição dialógica partes constituintes um projeto pesquisa, caracterizando os elementos desde planejamento à execução da pesquisa qualitativa. O processo elaboração bem cada etapa desenvolvimento mesma requer alguns cuidados fundamentais quais ...

This paper studies the concentration of block production in selected Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchains and finds evidence consistent with participants entering leaving consensus process, thereby changing level, but not disproportionate compounding wealth for large stakes.

P Zatko, better known in the security community as Mudge, was one of the leaders of the L0pht hacker collective, which contributed significantly to the disclosure of serious Internet vulnerabilities and eventually became the security consultancy @stake. He has worked as a division scientist at BBN Technologies, a project manager for DARPA, and a researcher at Google. He’s currently working on a...

Bitcoin and its underlying blockchain mechanism have been attracting much attention. One of their core innovations, Proof-of-Work (PoW), is notoriously inefficient which potentially motivates a centralization of computing power, defeating the original goal of decentralization. Proof-of-Stake (PoS) is later proposed to replace PoW. However, both PoW and PoS have different inherent advantages and...