Union Internationale des Chemins (UIC) defines the high-speed railway (HSR) as a system that contains infrastructure and rolling stock. The can be newly built dedicated lines enabled for trains to travel with speed above 250 km/h or upgraded conventional up 200 even 220 km/h. HSR requires specially increased power weight ratio must have an in-cab signalling traditional systems are incapable of

recently, incremental sheet metal forming (ismf) process as one of the new methods in rapid prototyping collection has been considered by researchers. this process is based on a defined path in cnc controller and applies a spherical-head tool that supplies the required pressure for sheet metal forming. despite affirmation of process ability in forming symmetric geometries, some of its aspects s...

in this paper, a high speed delay-locked loop (dll) architecture ispresented which can be employed in high frequency applications. in order to design the new architecture, a new mixed structure is presented for phase detector (pd) and charge pump (cp) which canbe triggered by double edges of the input signals. in addition, the blind zone is removed due to the elimination of reset signal. theref...