background: cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of disease in the developed world. early detection and risk prediction are a key component in reducing cardiovascular mortality. the framingham risk score uses age, sex,  cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking to calculate the 10‑year risk probability of developing cardiovascular disease for a given patient. the aim of this...

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to identify the determinants of protective behavior in relation to HIV transmission. Since the risk of transmission is higher among those who have extramarital intercourse, the study sample constituted of such people. METHODS We started this study in 2010 and finished it in 2011. Participants were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups. High-risk people...

Young adults are at high risk for acquiring STDs/HIV due primarily to multiple sex partners, unprotected sex, and substance use combined with sexual activity. Contranormative settings--such as the annual spring break vacation--provide ideal conditions for the potentially lethal interaction between alcohol, drugs, and sexual risk-taking. As a steadily growing form of youth travel and characteriz...

High risk alcohol use and sexual behaviors peak in young adulthood and often occur in the same individuals. Alcohol use has been found to impair decision-making and contribute to high risk sexual activity. However, the association between alcohol use and risky sexual behavior may also reflect enduring individual differences in risk taking, sociability, self-control, and related variables. Both ...

The risk of sexual transmission of HIV may be perceived to be real among young urban women; however, the risk of losing a male partner if one doesn't engage in unprotected sex may be perceived to be greater. Sex script theory, and Barrett's theory of power as knowing participation in change, are integrated into a framework to explain young adult urban women's sex scripted response of unprotecte...

This study explored perceptions of HIV following local introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART), among 30 HIV-positive and -negative female sex workers (FSWs) and 10 male bar patrons in Mombasa, Kenya. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed qualitatively to identify determinants of sexual risk behaviors. ART was not perceived as a barrier to safer sex and in some cases led to decreased hi...

OBJECTIVE To explore whether HIV serostatus (HIV-1, HIV-2, and dual (HIV-D) reactivity) and CD4 cell count affect human papillomavirus (HPV) in two groups of women from Côte d'Ivoire. METHODS We conducted a cross sectional study of two groups of women. One group had low numbers of lifetime sex partners (maternal women, n = 258) and were enrolled based on HIV serostatus. The other group had hi...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of HIV and syphilis infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in male sex workers (MSW). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Hangzhou, China. PARTICIPANTS 259 MSW in MSM were recruited by respondent-driven sampling from May 2011 to December 2011.The inclusion criteria were: (1) age ≥18 years; (2) engaging in sex with men in...