in this paper, we have studied the effect of population on iranian economic growth by using optimal growth theory. optimal growth theory is a nonlinear dynamic planning. classical approaches in mathematics are used for solving these nonlinear systems. but, in this study, we have used genetic algorithm (ga) method. as results show, it seems that population growth in previous years (1350- 1386), ...

Considerable portion of housing sector from gross domestic product indicates relationship between housing sector and macroeconomics. This paper focuses on consumption demand of housing and variables that can affect it and represents a theoretical framework for changes of housing prices regarding variables such as income per capita, liquidity and land per capita, the present paper studies effect...

A sea border provides trading opportunities for nations and enables participation in the world market and therefore economic growth. In this essay sea access is considered a significant limiting factor in the economic success of African countries. Research of this hypothesis illustrates a positive relationship between access to the sea and the economic success of African nations when Gross Nati...

Remark 2 Differences are really huge. For example, in 2000, GDP (or income) per capita in the United States was over $33000.1 In contrast, income per capita is much lower in many other countries: less than $9000 in Mexico, less than $4000 in China, less than $2500 in India, and only about $700 in Nigeria, and much much lower in some other sub-Saharan African countries such as Chad, Ethiopia, an...

The regular general practitioner scheme was introduced in Norway in 2001. A patient list system in combination with a partial per capita financing system for primary physician services was then introduced. The focus of this research was to study how the patient list system influences patients' accessibility to primary physicians, and how the system influences primary physicians' service product...

This paper examines how and to what degree government policies of garbage fees and voluntary source separation programs, with free indoor containers and garbage bags, can affect the effectiveness of municipal solid waste (MSW) management, in the sense of achieving a desirable reduction of per capita MSW generation. Based on city-level panel data for years 1998–2012 in China, our empirical analy...

The existing brain drain literature has found various mechanisms through which the high-skilled South-to-North migration affects developing economies. However, some of the newfound effects remain disputable due to limited evidence. This paper aims to provide suggestive guidelines for future research by identifying the mechanisms that can generate larger economic impacts at the aggregate. The an...

We analyze some characteristics of the higher education system in Argentina regarding equity and efficiency. Individuals attending the university belong to the top deciles of the income distribution and to relatively highly educated families. Almost 90% of the students in tuition-free public universities have higher than median per capita family income and almost 50% attended tuition-financed p...

Recently there is a revived interest in national accounts for pre-industrial cultures, especially in the late-medieval period. There is one conclusion that can already be drawn from this new stream of research: per capita income turns out to have been higher than what had been assumed before. This revision of income estimates for the late medieval Eurasia has serious implications for research o...