Low glucose condition induces neuronal cell-death via intracellular mechanisms including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways. It has been shown that low glucose medium decreases neuronal survival in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). In this study, we have examined the activation of JNK, p38kinase and ERK1/2 pathways in low glucose medium in CGNs. The CGNs were prepared ...

To the Editor:—I read with great interest the recently published article by Nakahata et al., “Propofol Restores Brain Microvascular Function Impaired by High Glucose via the Decrease in Oxidative Stress.” In this study, the authors observed that propofol, at potentially clinically relevant concentrations, dose-dependently attenuated or abolished rat brain microvascular dysfunction induced by hi...

To the Editor:—I read with great interest the recently published article by Nakahata et al., “Propofol Restores Brain Microvascular Function Impaired by High Glucose via the Decrease in Oxidative Stress.” In this study, the authors observed that propofol, at potentially clinically relevant concentrations, dose-dependently attenuated or abolished rat brain microvascular dysfunction induced by hi...

Glucose toxicity (i.e., glucose-induced reduction in insulin secretion and action) may be mediated by an increased flux through the hexosamine-phosphate pathway. Glucosamine (GlcN) is widely used to accelerate the hexosamine pathway flux, independently of glucose. We tested the hypothesis that GlcN can affect insulin secretion and/or action in humans. In 10 healthy subjects, we sequentially per...

the effects of aluminium and aluminium-citrate on some serum parameters related to carbohydrate metabolism in male wistar rats were investigated. daily intraperitoneal administrations of 1 mg/kg body weight of aluminium or aluminiumcitrate (1: 1) for 50 days led to the elevation of serum insulin by 24 or 40 percent respectively, with the concomitant decrease in serum glucose concentrations by 1...

HepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma cells, are used in drug toxicity studies and have also been explored for bioartificial livers. For these applications, the cells are under variable levels of nutrients and hormones, the effects of which on metabolism are poorly understood. In this study, HepG2-C3A cells were cultured under varying levels of glucose (high, low, and glucose-free) and insulin (witho...

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance, and the number of patients has markedly increased worldwide. In the diabetic state, hyperglycemia per se and subsequent induction of oxidative stress decrease insulin biosynthesis and secretion, leading to the aggravation of Type 2 diabetes. In addition, there is substantial reduction in expression and/or ...

Obesity enhances the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Loss in insulin sensitivity and diminished ability of muscle to take up and use glucose are characteristics of type 2 diabetes. Paradoxically, regulatory mechanisms that promote utilization of fatty acids appear to initiate diet-induced insulin insensitivity. In this review, we discuss recent findings i...

Impaired glucose tolerance has several adverse effects on growing fetus. In this study we evaluated the effect of excessive weight gain during pregnancy on the risk of glucose intolerance in pregnant women. A case-control study was conducted through which the glucose tolerance status after 100 gram oral glucose intake was compared between 60 pregnant women with maximum 10 weeks of gestation and...