abstract: measles remains one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries and is still a major public health concern in developed countries. although live attenuated vaccine is used throughout the world, out breaks of disease still occur in many countries including iran. understanding measles outbreaks that occur after the initiation of measles elimination...

In the present study we collected 177 serum samples from ostriches (Struthio camelus) infected experimentally with A/ostrich/South Africa/Middleton/2004 (H5N2) highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. We tested these samples using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, the agar gel immunodiffusion test and three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. We considered the HI test, with homolo...

BACKGROUND The inflammatory response is prominent in the pathogenesis of dermal leishmaniasis. We hypothesized that regulatory T cells (Tregs) may be diminished in chronic dermal leishmaniasis (CDL) and contribute to healing during treatment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The frequency and functional capacity of Tregs were evaluated at diagnosis and following treatment of CDL patients having...

Dengue fever/Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DF/DHF) has been a public health problem in Malaysia with an endemic level of about 7 per 100,000 population per year. In 1990, Malaysia experienced its most severe outbreak of DF/DHF with a record total of 5,590 cases referred to the Division of Virology, Institute for Medical Research (IMR). Of these, 1,880 were confirmed serologically to be DF/DHF. The...

Recombinant hemagglutinin (H) protein of the measles virus (MV) was produced in mammalian cells with a high-yield expression system based on the Semliki Forest virus replicon. Crude membrane preparations of H protein-transfected BHK-21 cells were used to coat microtiter plates to measure specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in 228 serologically defined serum samples mainly from measles late-con...

To detect antibody on pen-side is a rapid way to know the avian influenza (AI) infectious status in a chicken flock. The purpose of this study was to develop an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) assay to detect the antibody against the AI virus (AIV) for field applications. The ICS was constructed by fixing an AIV strain A/chicken/Taiwan/2838V/2000 (H6N1) onto a nitrocellulose membrane as the a...